摘要
为提高南疆地区设施栽培番茄的水分利用效率和高效栽培,并提高新疆产蛭石的利用率,将蛭石与黄沙、菇渣混合,研究以蛭石为主复合基质栽培模式下温室番茄生长的水肥耦合效应。试验以“双赢先锋”番茄为材料,设灌水量、氮、磷、钾4个因子素采用四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计的二分之一执行,设置18组水肥耦合处理,其中5组灌水量分别设置为基质田间持水率的66.0%、70.8%、78.0%、85.2%、90.0%,分析各因子的主效应、单因素效应和双因素耦合效应。结果表明:①经综合评价,W18为最优处理,即在灌水量为78.0%的田间持水率下,施N 340 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)185 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 310 kg/hm^(2),番茄的生长和水分利用效率为最优水平,有利于提升产量。灌水量对水分利用效率起决定作用,灌水量与施氮量具有耦合正效应,同一灌水量下,适当提高氮肥用量有利于番茄对水分的利用,但过量施氮则不利于水分利用效率的提高。②灌水量、施氮量、施磷量对番茄生长有显著正效应,而施钾量对番茄的生长作用不显著,各因素对番茄生长的主效应大小为灌水量>施氮量>施磷量>施钾量。③单因素效应分析表明:各生长指标随着水肥的增加先上升后下降,呈抛物线趋势,水肥过高或过低都会使番茄生长受到抑制。④耦合效应分析表明:水氮耦合、水磷耦合、氮磷耦合对番茄生长有耦合正效应,均能显著促进番茄生长,其中水氮耦合的作用最大。
In order to improve the water use efficiency and high-efficiency cultivation of greenhouse tomato in southern Xinjiang,and to improve the utilization rate of vermiculite from Xinjiang,the vermiculite was mixed with yellow sand and mushroom residue,and the coupling effects of water and fertilizer on greenhouse tomato growth were studied under the cultivation mode of vermiculite-based composite substrate.The‘Win-Win Pioneer’tomato was used as material,and the irrigation amount and application rates of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)were chosen as experimental factors.Based on half of the four-factor and five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design,18 treatments were set for the experiment.Among which,irrigation amounts were set as 66.0%,70.8%,78.0%,85.2% and 90.0% of field moisture capacity of the substrate.The main effect of each factor,single factor effect and coupling effect of two factors were analyzed.The results were as follows.①After comprehensive evaluation,W18 was the best treatment,that is,under irrigation amount at 78.0% of field moisture capacity and N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O rates at 340,185 and 310 kg/hm^(2) respectively,the growth and water use efficiency of tomato was the best,so it was beneficial to increasing yield.Irrigation amount played a decisive role in water use efficiency,and had a positive coupling effect with nitrogen rate.Under the same irrigation amount,water use efficiency could be improved by increasing N rate suitably,however,too much N application was not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency.②Irrigation amount,and N and P rates had significant positive effects on tomato growth,while K rate had no significant effect.The main effect of each factor on tomato growth were sequenced as irrigation amount>N rate>P rate>K rate.③The single factor effect analysis results showed that every plant growth index increased first and then decreased with the increase of water and fertilizer amounts,showing a parabolic trend.Both too high and too low water and fertilizer amounts inhibited tomato growth.④The coupling effect analysis results showed that water-N coupling,water-P coupling and nitrogen-K coupling had positive effects on tomato growth,and the water-N coupling performed the best.
作者
祝洋
刘志应
李新苗
王楠
张娟
Zhu Yang;Liu Zhiying;Li Xinmiao;Wang Nan;Zhang Juan(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Fruit Trees with Special Characteristics in Southern Xinjiang,Alaer 843300,China;Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Facility Agriculture in Southern Xinjiang,Alaer 843300,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2024年第4期92-101,共10页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆建设兵团财政项目“南疆非农地无土栽培基质研发与应用示范”(2018BB046)。
关键词
设施番茄
水肥耦合效应
生长
水分利用效率
Greenhouse tomato
Water-fertilizer coupling effect
Growth
Water use efficiency
作者简介
祝洋(1996-),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为设施农业。E-mail:zy17837193466@163.com;通信作者:张娟(1977-),女,山西太谷人,副教授,硕士生导师,从事设施果蔬高效栽培及环境调控研究。E-mail:tdyyzj01070@126.com。
