摘要
小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,土壤微量元素养分是限制小麦生长和产量的重要因素。叶面喷施适宜比例的微肥对促进小麦生长、提高小麦产量具有重要意义。采用正交试验设计,探究了叶面喷施不同比例的微肥对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果发现,叶面喷施四硼酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜和钼酸铵均对小麦生长和产量有显著影响。高硼、高锌和适当铁配比的微肥更有利于提高小麦产量;硼促进植物水分和养分吸收,促进植物根系生长发育,为小麦穗部生长提供了营养条件;高浓度锌有利于小麦叶绿素和生长激素的合成,增加小麦株高、穗长、穗数和穗粒数;适宜比例的锌和铁叶面喷施能提高小麦穗粒数和籽粒产量。根据极差分析得出6种微肥的最佳施用水平分别为四硼酸钠4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锌4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锰0.75 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸亚铁2.25 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸铜0.75 kg/hm^(2)、钼酸铵0.75 kg/hm^(2)。综合6种微肥的施用水平,18个处理中叶面喷施四硼酸钠4.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锌1.5 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸锰0.75 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸亚铁2.25 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸铜1.125 kg/hm^(2)和钼酸铵1.125 kg/hm^(2)配比的微肥下小麦产量最高,为10259.09 kg/hm^(2),高于其他处理0.07%~16.54%,此研究可为丰富小麦高产栽培技术提供理论依据。
Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of key grain crops in the world,soil microelement nutrient is an important factor limiting wheat growth and yield.Foliar spraying with appropriate proportion of microelement fertilizers is of great significance to promote wheat growth and increase wheat yield.In this study,an orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate the effects of different proportions of six microelement fertilizers spraying on wheat growth and yield.It was found that foliar spraying of sodium tetraborate,zinc sulfate,manganese sulfate,ferrous sulfate,copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate had significant effects on wheat growth and yield.In this study,microelement fertilizers with high boron,high zinc and appropriate iron ratio were more beneficial to increase the wheat yield.Boron promoted the absorption of water and nutrients,promoted the growth and development of plant roots,and provided nutrient conditions for the growth of the wheat ears.High concentration of zinc was beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll and growth hormone in wheat,and increased plant height,ear length,ear number and grain number per ear.The number of grains per ear and grain yield of wheat could be increased by the zinc and iron fertilizer foliar application with suitable proportion of iron and zinc.According to the range analysis,the optimal application levels of the six microelement fertilizers were sodium tetraborate 4.5 kg/hm^(2),zinc sulfate 4.5 kg/hm^(2),manganese sulfate 0.75 kg/hm^(2),ferrous sulfate 2.25 kg/hm^(2),copper sulfate 0.75 kg/hm^(2),ammonium molybdate 0.75 kg/hm^(2).At the comprehensive application level of 6 kinds of microelement fertilizer,at foliar spraying of sodium tetraborate 4.5 kg/hm^(2),zinc sulfate 1.5 kg/hm^(2),manganese sulfate 0.75 kg/hm^(2),ferrous sulfate 2.25 kg/hm^(2),copper sulfate 1.125 kg/hm^(2) and ammonium molybdate 1.125 kg/hm^(2),wheat performed the highest yield among all 18 microelement fertilizer treatments and gained the yield of 10259.09 kg/hm^(2),which was higher than other treatments by 0.07%-16.54%.This study can provide theoretical basis for wheat cultivation with high yield.
作者
侯赛赛
李旭光
杨庆鹏
蒲子天
王鑫鑫
张瑞芳
HOU Sai-sai;LI Xu-guang;YANG Qing-peng;PU Zi-tian;WANG Xin-xin;ZHANG Rui-fang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;Hebei Mountainous Agricultural Technology Innovation Center,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;National Research Center of Agricultural Engineering Technology in Northern Mountainous Areas,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;Hebei Institute of Mountainous Areas,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期173-184,共12页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001)。
关键词
小麦
微量元素
微肥
产量
养分平衡
wheat
microelements
microelement fertilizers
yield
nutrients balance
作者简介
侯赛赛(1998-),在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail:hss11022021@163.com;通讯作者:张瑞芳,E-mail:zhrf@hebau.edu.cn。
