摘要
目的 分析1992-2022年浙江省宁波市奉化区乙型肝炎(乙肝)流行病学特征。方法 收集1992-2022年奉化区乙肝病例报告数据,其中1992-2004年数据通过传染病年报收集,2005-2022年数据通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集,根据免疫策略调整分1992-2001年、2002-2011年、2012-2022年3个阶段进行描述流行病学分析。结果 1992-2022年奉化区共报告乙肝7 950例,年均报告发病率为51.04/10万。奉化区自2010年起无未分类乙肝病例报告,其中报告慢性乙肝病例占93.90%。3个阶段全人群的年均乙肝报告发病率分别为54.57/10万、46.51/10万、52.04/10万。其中,0~14和15~29岁年龄组呈下降趋势,60岁以上年龄组呈上升趋势(0~14岁年龄组:趋势χ^(2)=10.040,P=0.002;15~29岁年龄组:趋势χ^(2)=19.960,P<0.001;60岁以上年龄组:趋势χ^(2)=16.44,P<0.001)。1992-2022年男性年均报告发病率(73.35/10万),显著高于女性(27.92/10万)(χ^(2)=51.000,P<0.001)。1992-2022年奉化区0~14岁年龄组乙肝标化报告发病率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)为-10.92%[95%置信区间(CI):-13.35%~-8.43%,P<0.001],15~29岁年龄组乙肝标化报告发病率的年度变化百分比(APC)为-4.13%(95%CI:-5.57%~-2.66%,P<0.001)。1992-2022年奉化区乙肝疫苗全程接种率为99.20%。结论 1992-2022年浙江省宁波市奉化区总体乙肝报告发病率处于较高水平,2010-2022年报告以慢性乙肝为主,急性乙肝呈下降趋势。自乙肝疫苗免疫策略实施以来出生的人群,乙肝报告发病率明显下降。提示需要继续保持较高的乙肝接种率,加强成年人乙肝防控工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Fenghua district of Ningbo,Zhejiang province,from 1992 to 2022.Methods The incidence data of hepatitis B reported in Fenghua from 1992 to 2004 were collected through the local annual report of infectious diseases and the incidence data of hepatitis B reported in Fenghua from 2005 to 2022 were collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Due to the adjustment of immunization strategies,descriptive epidemiological analyses on the incidence of hepatitis B in Fenghua during 1992−2001,2002−2011 and 2012−2022 were carried out.Results From 1992 to 2022,a total of 7950 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Fenghua,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 51.04/100000.Since 2010,no unclassified hepatitis B cases have been reported in Fenghua,in the reported cases,chronic hepatitis B cases accounted for 93.90%.The average annual incidence rates of hepatitis B in Fenghua during the three periods were 54.57/100000,46.51/100000 and 52.04/100000,respectively.The incidence rate showed downward trends in age groups 0–14 years and 15–29 years(Trend χ^(2)=10.040,P=0.002;Trend χ^(2)=19.960,P<0.001),while showed an upward trend in age group≥60 years(Trend χ^(2)=16.440,P<0.001).From 1992 to 2022,the average annual reported incidence rate of hepatitis B was significantly higher in men(73.35/100000)than in women(27.92/100000)(χ^(2)=51.000,P<0.001).From 1992 to 2022,the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of standardized incidence rate of hepatitis B in age group 0–14 years was−10.92%(95%CI:−13.35%–−8.43%,P<0.001),and the average percentage change(APC)of standardized incidence rate of hepatitis B in age group 15–29 years was−4.13%(95%CI:−5.57%–−2.66%,P<0.001).The overall coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 99.20%from 1992 to 2022.Conclusion The reported incidence of hepatitis B was at a relatively high level in Fenghua from 1992 to 2022.From 2010 to 2020,the incidence of acute hepatitis B showed a downward trend,the majority of the hepatitis B cases were chronic ones.The reported incidence of hepatitis B dropped significantly in the population born after the implementation of the hepatitis B immunization strategy.It is necessary to maintain a high hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate and strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis B in adults.
作者
吴珏静
董维波
夏颖苹
傅叁君
冯伟
周洋
Wu Juejing;Dong Weibo;Xia Yingping;Fu Sanjun;Feng Wei;Zhou Yang(Fenghua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315500,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期301-306,共6页
Disease Surveillance
基金
奉化区2021年社会发展科技专项(No.202106418)。
关键词
乙型肝炎
乙肝疫苗
流行病学
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B vaccine
Epidemiology
作者简介
吴珏静,女,浙江省宁波市人,大学本科,医师,主要从事传染病预防与控制工作,Email:wujuejing0918@126.com,ORCID:0009-0005-9520-7593;通信作者:董维波,Tel:0574–88915249,Email:649677680@qq.com。
