摘要
芍药早在春秋时即见记载,是拥有很长文化史的花卉。魏晋南北朝时期开始出现几首咏物诗歌,也孕育出如女诗人辛萧《芍药花颂》这样的芍药名篇。至北宋,扬州的芍药种植空前繁盛,同时受以牡丹谱为代表的植物谱录影响,芍药著谱活动兴起。在11世纪70年代,刘攽、王观、孔武仲相继寄居扬州,共留下3本芍药谱,在短短数年间集中出现同类植物谱录是极为罕见的。事实上,孔谱之后亦有艾丑的芍药谱,至明代,曹守贞又编撰《维扬芍药谱(合纂)》。本文对这5部芍药谱的成书时间、撰者经历、内容等进行探讨,并针对各谱版本进行比较甄别。此外,对绍熙《广陵志》、《花镜》等其他文献中出现的芍药品种及其相关记载,本文也做简单梳理,以进一步揭开中国芍药史的神秘面纱。
Shaoyao,the Chinese word for the peony today,is one of the plants with the longest recorded history in China,first appearing in the Shi Jing(诗经)or Classic of Poetry complied in the Spring and Autumn Period.However,Lu Ji(陆玑),a linguistic scholar presumably of the Three Kingdoms period,raised a question about the shaoyao(芍药,peony)mentioned in the Shi Jing,noting:“shaoyao here should be different from the medicinal herb shaoyao,but its nature is unknown.”The medical use of shaoyao can traced back to the medical formulas(fang方)of the Han dynasty,such as those in Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases(Wushier Bingfang五十二病方),Prescriptions for Sixty Diseases(Liushier Bingfang六十二病方),and Wuwei Medical Wooden Slips(Wuwei Handai Yijian武威汉代医简),as well as medical texts associated with Zhang Zhongjing(张仲景).Shaoyao was a common ingredient,and from the Wei/Jin dynasties was also praised for its beauty in odes,such as,Shaoyao Huasong(芍药花颂)or Ode to the Peony Flower by Xin Xiao(萧辛),a female poet of the Jin dynasty,and Shaoyao Fu(芍药赋)or Ode to the Peony by Wang Yun(王筠)of the Liang dynasty.In the Northern Song dynasty,peony cultivation became prevalent in Yangzhou(扬州),and writing treatises on it became fashionable among intellectuals.Liu Ban(刘攽),Wang Guan(王观),and Kong Wuzhong(孙武仲)all compiled such treatises after visiting Yangzhou between 1073 and 1078,an exceptional example of such treatises being written within such a short time span.Preceding research has focused mainly on these three treatises.Nevertheless,Ai Chou(艾丑)also wrote a treatise on the peony after Kong s,and in the Ming dynasty Cao Shouzhen(曹守贞)published the Weiyang Shaoyao Pu(维扬芍药谱)or Treatise on the Peony in Weiyang.This paper investigates the precise time of the composition and the content of these,as well as the personal histories of the authors,while assembling other early documents related to the peony,revealing unknown aspects of the history of peony culture.
作者
久保辉幸
Teruyuki KUBO(Center of Japanology,Institute of East Asian Studies,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,PRC)
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期31-47,共17页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
芍药谱
艾丑
曹守贞
《全芳备祖》
文献学
Shaoyao Pu(芍药谱,Treatises on the Peony)
Ai Chou(艾丑)
Cao Shouzhen(曹守贞)
Quanfang Beizu(全芳备祖,Dictionary of All the Botanical Auusions)
philology
作者简介
久保辉幸,1978年生,日本东京人,特聘研究员,研究方向为中国生物学史、医药学史,Email:earth_clothes@hotmail.com。
