吐鲁番洋海弓箭分类研究被引量：1

Research on the Classification of Bows and Arrows Unearthed at Yanghai Cemetery

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摘要新疆吐鲁番洋海墓地出土复合弓与埃及图坦卡蒙复合弓年代相近,表明墓地所属人群在公元前1千纪已经掌握复合弓制作技术。洋海公元前1300年至公元前500年的早期复合弓与公元前500年至公元前200年的∑复合弓,在制作技术上具有明显承接关系。公元前200年至公元元年,洋海地区与外界的弓箭制作技术互动更加活跃,出现了尼雅类型复合弓技术。本文从形制、材料、工艺等方面对洋海墓地出土的弓箭进行科学分析,梳理洋海弓箭技术发展全貌,完善了弓箭技术史研究所需的部分基础资料;通过与同时期欧亚大陆其他弓箭类型的对比分析,可追溯洋海非对称∑弓形起源于东亚的可能,并了解游牧经济、金属箭头、战争等因素对复合弓技术产生和发展的促进作用,还可发现洋海弓箭对斯基泰弓箭起源的重要影响,进而探索∑弓形的早期传播路径和弓箭技术交流问题。 Sophisticated techniques for making compound bows were developed during the 1st millennium BC in the region of Xinjiang(新疆),China.The earliest compound bow unearthed in Xinjiang is similar in age to Tutankhamun s compound bow unearthed in Egypt.The early composite bow technology found at the Yanghai(洋海)Cemetery in Xinjiang dating to between 1300 BC and 500 BC is directly related to the∑composite bow technology found in the region between 500 BC and 200 BC,while the Niya(尼雅)type composite bow technology found in Xinjiang between 200 BC and the first century CE is more influenced by other regions.This paper mainly discusses the production technology of the∑-type compound bows and Niya type compound bows found in Xinjiang,and studies the technical connections between them.It reveals the development of technology in ancient Yanghai based on the types,materials and craftsmanship of these bows and arrows,comparing these bows and arrows with those from other parts of Eurasia during the same period.The conclusion is that the asymmetric∑-type composite bows found at Yanghai may have originated in East Asia.At the same time,the nomadic economy,metal arrows and war also contributed to their development and production.Based on this research,it can be confirmed that the ancient bows and arrows found at Yanghai had an important influence on the original Scythian bows and arrows.Also,this article discusses the routes of transmission of the∑-type bow and arrows.

作者张中原仪德刚 ZHANG Zhongyuan;YI Degang(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhhot,010020,China;College of Humanities of Donghua University,Shanghai,200051,China)

机构地区内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院东华大学人文学院

出处《自然科学史研究》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期15-30,共16页 Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基金国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项项目“‘丝绸之路’沿线传统弓箭文化的分类整理与技术传承”(项目编号:19VJX143) 内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目“洋海墓地出土角弓研究”(项目编号:CXJJB21024)。

关键词洋海墓地复合弓筋角弓斯基泰 ∑弓形 Yanghai(洋海)cemetery composite bow horn bows Scythian ∑-type bow

分类号 N092 [自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]

作者简介张中原,1987年生,内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗人,博士研究生,研究方向为技术史;仪德刚,1971年生,内蒙古赤峰市巴林左旗人,教授,研究方向为技术史、物理学史和科技战略,Email:yidegang@aliyun.com。