摘要
In this paper,the covert age of information(CAoI),which characterizes the timeliness and covertness performance of communication,is first investigated in the short-packet covert communication with time modulated retrodirective array(TMRDA).Specifically,the TMRDA is designed to maximize the antenna gain in the target direction while the side lobe is sufficiently suppressed.On this basis,the covertness constraint and CAoI are derived in closed form.To facilitate the covert transmission design,the transmit power and block-length are jointly optimized to minimize the CAoI,which demonstrates the trade-off between covertness and timelessness.Our results illustrate that there exists an optimal block-length that yields the minimum CAoI,and the presented optimization results can achieve enhanced performance compared with the fixed block-length case.Additionally,we observe that smaller beam pointing error at Bob leads to improvements in CAoI.
作者简介
Ma Yue received Ph.D degree in information and communication engineering from the Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China in 2022.He is currently an Assistant Researcher with the Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems,Ministry of Education,School of Electronic and Optical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology.His research interests include array signal processing,radar signal processing,and covert communication theory and technology.He was the recipient of the Outstanding Ph.D Thesis Award of Jiangsu Province in 2023;The corresponding author:Ma Ruiqian received the B.S.degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,in 2017,the M.S.degree,and the Ph.D degree from the Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing,China in 2019,and 2022,respectively.Currently,he is a Lecturer in the College of Electronic Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei,China.His research interests include physical layer security,cooperative communication,and covert communication.email:mrq@nudt.edu.cn;Lin Zhi received the B.E.and M.E.degrees in information and communication engineering from the PLA University of Science and Technology and the Ph.D degree in electronic science and technology from the Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing,China,in 2013,2016,and 2020,respectively.From March 2019 to June 2020,he was a visiting Ph.D student with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,McGill University,Montr´eal,Canada.Since February 2023,he is a Postdoctoral Fellow with the School of Computer Science and Engineering,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao,China.Since January 2021,he has been with the College of Electronic Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei,China,where he is currently an Associate Professor.Dr.Lin’s research interests include array signal processing,physical layer security,reconfigurable intelligent surface and satellite-aerial-terrestrial integrated networks.He was the Symposium Co-Chair of IEEE WCSP’22 and TPC members of IEEE flagship conferences,including IEEE ICC,Globecom,Infocom,VTC,and so on.He was listed in the World’s Top 2%Scientists identified by Stanford University in 2022 and 2023.He was the recipient of the Outstanding Ph.D Thesis Award of Chinese Institute of Electronics in 2022,the Macao Young Scholars Fellowship,China in 2022 and the Best Paper Awards from IEEE IWCMC 2023 and IEEE ICCT 2023 conferences;Yang Weiwei obtained his B.S.degree,M.S.degree,and Ph.D degree in Telecommunications from PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China in 2003,2006,and 2011,respectively.Currently he is an Associate Professor in College of Communication Engineering,Army Engineering University of PLA.His research interests include cooperative communications,cognitive radio,and physical layer security.He is also co-recipient of Best Paper Award from WCSP 2011.He also served as a publication Co-Chair of WCSP 2015,track chairs of IEEE CIC ICCC 2017 and WCSP 2015,and TPC members of WCSP 2011/2014/2017/2018,GC 2016 Workshops,GC 2017 Workshops and ICC 2016-Workshops,etc.He is a coauthor of the book Handbook of Cognitive Radio published by Springer in 2017;Cai Yueming received the B.S.degree in physics from Xiamen University,Xiamen,China,in 1982,and the M.S.degree in microelectronics engineering and the Ph.D degree in communications and information systems from Southeast University,Nanjing,China,in 1988 and 1996,respectively.He is currently with the Institute of Communications Engineering,PLA Army Engineering University,Nanjing,China.His current research interests include multiple-input-multiple-output systems,orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems,signal processing in communications,cooperative communications,and wireless sensor networks;Miao Chen received the B.S.,M.S.,and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from the Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,in 2001,2004,and 2014 respectively,where he is currently a Researcher with Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs&Microsystems(NJUST),Ministry of Education,School of Electronic and Optical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology.His research interests include signal processing,microwave and millimeter-wave circuits,and detection technology;Wu Wen received the Ph.D degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from Southeast University,Nanjing,China,in 1997.He is currently a Professor with the School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,where he is also the Director with the Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs&Microsystems(NJUST),Ministry of Education,School of Electronic and Optical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology.He has authored or co-authored over six hundred journal and conference papers and has submitted over thirty patent applications.His current research interests include microwave and millimeter-wave theories and technologies,microwave and millimeter-wave detection,and multimode compound detection.Dr.Wu was a recipient of six times of Ministerial and Provincial-Level Science and Technology Awards。