摘要
为了分析雅安市大渡河和青衣江重金属的时空分布及河流健康风险,于2022年1—12月每月采取大渡河和青衣江干流及支流共12个监测点位水样进行分析测试,采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,对饮水和皮肤接触途径暴露产生的健康风险进行评价。结果显示:雅安市地表水河流中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr平均含量分别为0.83μg/L、2.21μg/L、0.96μg/L、0.09μg/L、未检出,全年地表水达到Ⅱ类标准限值;从空间结构上看,各个点位重金属浓度空间分布特征大小依次为:Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr;从变异系数看,部分采样点位Cu、Zn、Cd元素变异系数超过1%;从季节变化看,整体上地表水中Zn和Cu重金属元素浓度基本呈现出枯水期大于丰水期。健康风险评价结果表明,地表水中重金属元素分别经饮用水、皮肤接触途径引起成人和儿童的个人平均年健康风险均低于国际推荐的可忽略风险水平(1.0×10^(-8)/a),成人高于儿童,致癌重金属Cd元素经饮水途径产生的成人、儿童的总健康风险值均高于最大可接受风险水平1.0×10^(-6)/a。Cd是总健康风险贡献最多的元素,需要特别注意Cd污染,加强对重金属浓度的监管与治理。
In order to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and health risks of heavy metals in the main surface rivers of Ya'an City,Dadu River and Qingyi River,the health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA was used to evaluate the health risks caused by exposure to drinking water and skin contact routes.From January to December 2022,water samples from 12 monitoring points in the main and tributaries of the Dadu River and Qingyi River were analyzed and tested monthly.The average content of heavy metals Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,and Cr in the surface water rivers of Ya'an City was 0.83,2.21,0.96,0.09,and not detected(μg/L),respectively.The surface water throughout the year had reached the Class II standard limit;From the perspective of spatial structure,the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal concentrations at each point were as follows Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr.From the perspective of coefficient of variation,the coefficient of variation of Cu,Zn,and Cd elements at some sampling points exceeded 1%.From the perspective of seasonal changes,the overall concentration of heavy metal elements Zn and Cu in surface water shows a higher trend in dry season than in wet season.The health risk assessment results indicate that the average annual health risks of adults and children caused by heavy metal elements in surface water through drinking water and skin contact pathways are lower than the internationally recommended negligible risk level(1.0×10^(-8)/a),adults are higher than children,and the total health risk values of carcinogenic heavy metal Cd generated through drinking water for both adults and children are higher than the maximum acceptable risk level of 1.0×10^(-6)/a.Cd is the element that contributes the most to overall health risks,and special attention needs to be paid to Cd pollution,as well as strengthening the supervision and control of heavy metal concentrations.
作者
王兴伟
王玉云
赵妮
WANG Xing-wei;WANG Yu-yun;ZHAO Ni(Sichuan Natural Resources Experimental Testing and Research Center,Chengdu Sichuan 610052,China;不详)
出处
《环境科学导刊》
2024年第2期74-80,96,共8页
Environmental Science Survey
关键词
地表水
重金属
时空分布
健康风险
surface water
heavy metal
spatiotemporal distribution
health risks
作者简介
王兴伟(1981-),男,南充仪陇人,硕士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测、土壤修复及治理;通信作者:王玉云(1984-),男,宁夏盐池人,硕士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。
