摘要
石油基塑料制品加工性好、低成本等优点在各行各业中需求量大且应用广泛,为人类生活带来了极大便利,促进了人类社会发展.然而在使用之后常以焚烧与填埋等处理方式直接排放到自然环境中,塑料在环境中难以降解,这将对环境与生命健康造成严重威胁,产生日益严重的“微塑料”问题.在当前“禁塑令”以及“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下,开发生物质可降解材料取代石油基塑料已成为人们关注的焦点.生物质种类丰富,源于自然植物,产量高,可再生,完全生物可降解,生物相容性好,环境友好,是完美的石油基塑料替代品.然而,经调研发现,从生物质原材料出发制备与石油基塑料具有类似性能的生物可降解材料也面临很多技术挑战,例如复杂的加工过程、成型差、机械强度较低、透明度差等.因此本综述重点聚焦于基于不同类型生物质原料制备可降解薄膜材料研究进展,分别从淀粉、果胶与壳聚糖直接生物质原料,秸秆、果壳与木材间接生物质原料出发,从生物质原料来源、组成、结构与提取,以及薄膜制备方法,包括溶剂铸造法、吹塑法、挤压法、静电纺丝等,并对所获得生物基薄膜的性能与应用进行综述.最后,梳理了当前基于生物质所制备可降解薄膜存在的不足之处和面临的挑战,并对生物质可降解薄膜材料未来的研究进行了展望.
The excellent processability and cost-effectiveness of petroleum-based plastics render them highly sought-after and extensively utilized across various industries,significantly enhancing convenience in human life and fostering societal progress.However,the disposal methods after use often involved direct incineration and landfill discharge into the natural environment.Due to the ultra-high stability of C-C bonds and high molecular weight,plastics are challenging to degrade in the environment,which poses a significant threat to the environment,life and health,particularly with regards to the increas-ingly severe issue of"microplastics".The development of biomass materials to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics has become the focal point of attention in the current macro background of the"plastic ban"and the pursuit of"carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality",aiming to address this inherent contradiction.The biomass is highly diverse,originating from natural plants,with a high yield and renewable nature.It is fully biodegradable,biocompatible,environmentally friendly,and serves as an ideal alternative to petroleum-based plastics.The preparation of biodegradable materials with properties similar to pe troleum-based plastics from biomass raw materials also encounters numerous technical challenges,including inadequate molding,poor mechanical strength,and low transparency.Therefore,this paper focused on the research progress in the prep aration of degradable film materials based on various types of biomass raw materials.Starting from the direct biomass raw materials of starch,pectin and chitosan,and the indirect biomass raw materials of straw,fruit shell and wood,the properties and applications of the obtained bio-based films were reviewed from the sources,composition,structure and extraction of biomass raw materials,as well as film preparation methods,including solvent casting,blow molding,extrusion,electrospin ning,etc.Finally,this review examines the limitations and challenges associated with biodegradable films derived from bio-mass,while also providing a future outlook on research in this field.
作者
郭建荣
张书玉
贺军辉
任世学
Guo Jianrong;Zhang Shuyu;He Junhui;Ren Shixue(Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《化学学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期242-256,共15页
Acta Chimica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划前沿科技创新专项(2019QY(Y)0503)
中国博士后基金(2023M733586)资助。
关键词
生物质
生物降解
薄膜
包装材料
biomass
biodegradable
films
packaging materials
作者简介
共同第一作者:郭建荣,contributed equally to this work;共同第一作者:张书玉,contributed equally to this work;贺军辉,E-mail:jhhe@mail.ipc.ac.cn。
