摘要
The reduction of speed limits in urban roads through traffic calming schemes intends to ensure safer traffic conditions among road users by reducing the probability related to the occurrence of severe accident.Looking it from a different perspective,traffic calming measures can potentially resolve congestion problems at the same time by lowering the overall accessibility and attractiveness of private cars in urban areas.This study proposes a new methodological approach to explore and assess the direct impacts of traffic calming in the transport system efficiency of a metropolitan area.The multi-agent transport simulation(MATSim)and Open-Berlin scenario are utilized to perform this simulation experiment.By developing a new external tool,the free flow speed and road capacity of each network link is updated based on new speed limits and different compliance rates,which are defined per road hierarchy level.The test scenarios that are formulated present radical conditions,where the speed limit in most urban roads of Berlin drops to 30 km/h or even 15 km/h.The findings of this study show a considerably high increase in trips,passenger hours,and passenger kilometers using public transport modes,when traffic calming links are introduced,the reserve change is observed in private cars trips.Although the speed limits are decreased in inner urban roads in most of the scenarios,the decrease of average travel speed of private cars is not so high as it was expected.Surprisingly,private cars are used for longer distances in all test scenarios.Car drivers seem to use already existed motorways and private road to commute.In simulations,driver compliance to the new speed limits seems to be a determinant factor that is strongly influenced by the design interventions applied in a traffic calming area.
作者简介
Eftychia Zargiannaki is a graduate student and research assistant at National Technical University of Athens and transport planner-consultant at VMC Consulting LP.She works on the development of sustainable urban mobility plans in more than 15 Greek municipalities.She holds an integrated master in rural,surveying and geoinformatics engineering(National Technical University of Athens).Her research interests are related to the following topics:transport policy and sustainable measures assessment,traffic calming and safety impacts and geoinformatics in transport planning process.E-mail addresses:eutuxiazrg@gmail.com;Corresponding author:Panagiotis G.Tzouras is a transport planner,scientific researcher and PhD candidate at the School of Rural,Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering of National Technical University of Athens.He holds an integrated master in rural and surveying engineering(National Technical University of Athens)and a master of science in civil engineering,track:transport and planning(Delft University of Technology).Over the past four years,he has participated in research projects related to active modes,micro-mobility and sustainable urban mobility.He is also making research on shared space road aiming to predict the impacts of this concept at network level using advanced transport modeling techniques.E-mail addresses:ptzouras@mail.ntua.gr;Eleni Antoniou is a computer scientist and PhD candidate at the School of Rural,Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering of National Technical University of Athens.She has participated in several research projects related to urban mobility aiming to provide smart solutions to travelers.She holds an integrated master in electrical and computer engineering from the Technical University of Crete.She is also making research on the spatiotemporal variations of micro-mobility services demand.E-mail addresses:e_antoniou@mail.ntua.gr;Christos Karolemeas is a transport and urban planner and holds an integrated master in rural and surveying engineering(National Technical University of Athens)and an MSc in geoinformatics.He is currently a PhD student in the Laboratory of Transportation Engineering at National Technical University of Athens.He has participated in many research projects in the field of sustainable mobility and promotion of cycling and walking,and has published several scientific papers in international journals.He has participated in the implementation of more than 15 sustainable urban mobility plans in Greek cities.His research interests focus on sustainable mobility,transport equity,autonomous vehicles,sharing economy,geographic information systems(GIS),road safety and urban planning.E-mail addresses:karolemeaschris@gmail.com;Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou is an associate professor at the School of Rural,Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens.He holds a diploma of civil engineering from the National Technical University of Athens(1994-1999),a M.Sc in civil engineering from Purdue University(1999-2000)and a Ph.D.in transportation engineering from the National Technical University of Athens(2006-2009).He has an over 20-year research and professional experience in the fields of transportation planning and operations,infrastructure management,highway design,public transportation,emergency response and operations research,having led and/or participated in several R&D projects of a National and European level.His published work includes 1 book,5 book chapters,95 publications in peer-reviewed journals and over 110 publications in conference proceedings,with overall about 2688 citations.E-mail addresses:kkepap@central.ntua.gr.
