摘要
【目的】在“双碳”背景下,氨作为无碳富氢的能源载体,体积能量密度高、易液化存储,具有广阔的发展前景。然而复杂的储运环境增加了液氨储罐和管道腐蚀的风险,因此,研究复杂输送环境下液氨腐蚀问题是“氨-氢”能源基础设施制造和安全服役的关键。【方法】通过综述液氨腐蚀的研究进展,探讨了不同环境、不同材料的氨腐蚀行为和应力腐蚀开裂机制。同时,总结了相关氨腐蚀检测方法和具体防护措施,并展望了未来氨腐蚀研究的发展方向。【结果】氧气、碳氧化合物、硫化物及氯化物的混入对氨腐蚀有促进作用,而水杂质对氨腐蚀的影响具有两面性;应力能够引起液氨应力腐蚀开裂,不同材料的应力腐蚀敏感性从大到小依次为铜及其合金、高强钢、碳钢。【结论】基于国内对液氨腐蚀行为机理尚不明确、氨腐蚀防护措施有待完善等问题,提出以下建议:①采用实验研究、仿真模拟等方法,探究多杂质关联作用下不同材质的液氨腐蚀行为和内在腐蚀机理;②需结合液氨管道实际输送环境及材料失效特征,开展管线钢及焊材-液氨临界失效边界检验与腐蚀风险评价;③从液氨储罐及管道的设计、选材、制造、使用等多个角度,结合多种腐蚀防腐措施,形成完善的液氨储运系统腐蚀控制、防护及评价标准体系。
[Objective]Against the backdrop of the“dual carbon”initiative,ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free and hydrogen-rich energy carrier with exceptional growth potential.It offers advantages such as high volumetric energy density,and easy liquefaction and storage.However,complex environmental conditions for storage and transmission pose significant risks of corrosion to liquid ammonia tanks and pipelines.Therefore,it is essential to research liquid ammonia corrosion under complex transmission environments to ensure the construction and safe operation of“ammonia-hydrogen”energy infrastructure.[Methods]Through an investigation into the research progress related to liquid ammonia corrosion,this review explored the ammonia corrosion behavior and the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking of different materials within various environments.Additionally,it provided a comprehensive overview of ammonia corrosion detection techniques and protection measures,along with insights into the future trends in ammonia corrosion research.[Results]This review highlights the following conclusions:The presence of oxygen,carbon oxides,sulfides,and chlorides accelerates ammonia corrosion,while water impurities exhibit a two-sided influence.Stress can potentially lead to stress corrosion cracking in liquid ammonia,with materials such as copper and its alloys being more susceptible,followed by high-strength steel and carbon steel.[Conclusion]To address the need for clarifying the mechanisms of liquid ammonia corrosion behavior and improving ammonia corrosion prevention measures in China,the following recommendations are put forth:(1)Conduct experiments and simulations to study the liquid ammonia corrosion behavior and internal corrosion mechanisms of different materials in the presence of multiple impurities.(2)Carry out critical failure boundary inspections and corrosion risk assessment in the context of pipeline steel and welding consumables with liquid ammonia,taking into consideration the actual transmission environments and material failure characteristics.(3)Establish a comprehensive corrosion control,protection,and evaluation standard system for liquid ammonia storage and transmission,encompassing various aspects such as design,material selection,manufacturing,and operation,and incorporating diverse corrosion prevention measures.
作者
李加庆
冯智雨
梁辉龙
尹鹏博
滕霖
陈崇启
罗宇
江莉龙
LI Jiaqing;FENG Zhiyu;LIANG Huilong;YIN Pengbo;TENG Lin;CHEN Chongqi;LUO Yu;JIANG Lilong(School of Chemical Engineering,Fuzhou University//National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst//Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory)
出处
《油气储运》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期121-133,162,共14页
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
基金
国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”专项“高效热化学合成氨催化剂的创制及其批量制备技术”,2021YFB4000403
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“氨能源催化工程”,22221005
国家自然科学基金重点项目“基于缔合加氢机理的高性能亚纳米Ru基合成氨催化剂设计制备及应用基础研究”,22038002
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目“高压氢环境铬钼钢储氢容器氢脆失效机理及结构完整性模型研究”,52205145。
关键词
液氨储运
环境腐蚀
应力腐蚀
腐蚀检测
防护技术
liquid ammonia storage and transmission
environmental corrosion
stress corrosion
corrosion detection
protection technique
作者简介
李加庆,男,1991年生,副教授,2021年博士毕业于澳大利亚伍伦贡大学机械工程专业,现主要从事新能源结构材料与装备的氢脆、失效分析等方面研究工作。地址:福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号,350108。电话:18259062556。Email:jiaqing@fzu.edu.cn;通信作者:滕霖,男,1991年生,副教授,2019年博士毕业于中国石油大学(华东)油气储运工程专业,现主要从事新能源储运方向的研究工作。地址:福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号,350108。电话:18266635171。Email:tenglin@fzu.edu.cn。
