摘要
19世纪中期,工业革命在推动西方社会发展进步的同时,也引发了社会问题、阶级矛盾与社会对抗,为了应对这一系列问题,西方社会基于不同立场提出多种社会治理的思想理论。其中,古典经济学家坚持将“自由放任”作为社会治理的基本准则,功利主义者将“最大多数人的最大幸福”作为社会治理的价值原则,空想社会主义者将“理性社会制度”和“大家庭联盟”作为理想的社会治理状态,而马克思主义者则提出通过社会革命建立符合全人类利益的理想社会。这些社会治理思想主张之间的相互影响乃至对抗,使得西方资本主义国家社会治理手段多样化,不断提升社会治理的有效性,进而实现其持续发展。
In the middle of the 19th century,with the advancement of the industrial revolution in Western countries,the Western society underwent drastic changes.From the political point of view,the industrial revolution made the industrial bourgeoisie the main body of political power.From the economic point of view,the industrial revolution accelerated the economic development and the transformation of the mode of production,and finally laid down and consolidated the capitalist economic system.From the social structural point of view,the industrial revolution made the Western social structure increasingly simplistic into the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat.How to resolve social problems,alleviate class contradictions,and reduce social antagonism through reasonable and effective social governance has become an urgent and important issue.The different schools of social thought have put forward their own ideas and propositions on social governance based on their own standpoints.Classical political economists adhered to the basic law of capitalism,free competition,and insisted on"laissez-faire"On the basis of historical materialism.Utilitarians,based on the new requirements of the values of Western capitalist society since industrialization,put forward"the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people"as the value principle of a good social governance state.The Utopian socialists have put forward their own outlook on social development based on a profound analysis of the ills of capitalist society,and put forward a"rational social system"and a"big family alliance"as the ideal state of social governance.Marxists proposed the overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a communist system through the violent revolution of the proletariat,so as to achieve a good state of social governance in line with the interests of all mankind.Classical political economy,Utilitarianism,Utopian socialism,Marxism and other ideas on social governance,although their influence and status in the mid-19th century were different,they were all based on the judgment,thinking and reaction to the reality of Western society in the 19th century.They were all different choices for the governance of Western society.The mutual influence and even mutual struggle between these different propositions on social governance have prompted Western capitalist countries to face up to social problems,class contradictions,and social confrontations,and gradually adopt a series of social policy measures to restrain the"laissez-faire"social governance norms to a certain extent,strive to follow the principle of“the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people”,and strive to realize a“rational social system”,to avoid the proletariat to violently overthrow the capitalist system and establish a communist system.These ensure the capitalist system achieve its sustainable development through the continuous selection of reasonable social governance means.
作者
丁建定
陈湘
DING Jianding;CHEN Xiang
出处
《社会工作》
CSSCI
2024年第1期37-49,159,160,共15页
Journal of Social Work
基金
国家社科基金重大项目《西方社会保障制度史》(多卷本)(项目编号:19ZDA234)。
作者简介
丁建定,华中科技大学社会学院教授、院长,湖北省人文社科重点基地“华中科技大学养老服务研究中心”主任;陈湘,华中科技大学社会学院学生(武汉430074)。
