摘要
目的分析我国2008-2022年报告女性HIV/AIDS患者特征,为制定有针对性的女性群体艾滋病防控策略提供数据支撑。方法选择中国疾病预防控制信息系统2008-2022年当年新诊断报告、性别为女性HIV/AIDS患者进行分析。采用Excel2016和SPSS 24.0软件进行数据整理和描述性统计分析。采用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0软件,选用对数线性模型进行发现率时间趋势分析,计算年均变化百分比(AAPC)和年度变化百分比(APC),检验水准为α=0.05。结果2008-2022年我国女性HIV/AIDS患者报告数先上升后下降,占全部报告数的20%以上。发现率从2008年2.7/10万上升至2019年5.0/10万,之后呈现下降趋势,2022年降至3.4/10万;时间趋势分析结果显示,2008-2015年APC=4.5%(3.3%~5.8%),2015-2019年APC=8.2%(4.3%~12.2%),2019-2022年APC=-12.8%(-16.2%~-9.3%);2008-2022年AAPC=1.5%(0.3%~2.8%)。20~29岁女性发现率由2008年6.7/10万下降至2022年1.9/10万,AAPC=-8.8%(-11.1%~-6.5%);50~59岁和60~69岁年龄组呈现先快速上升后稍有下降的趋势,AAPC分别为12.2%(10.7%~13.7%)和13.0%(9.5%~16.6%)。报告女性患者感染途径以异性性传播为主,2022年达96.9%(22624/23357),感染方式以非商业性性伴(66.7%,15087/22624)为主。女性患者主要分布在西南和中南地区,2022年分别为49.5%(11573/23357)和28.6%(6691/23357)。西南地区发现率远超过其他地区,由2008年7.2/10万上升至2019年19.2/10万,APC=10.0%(8.5%~11.5%);之后下降至2022年11.5/10万,APC=-16.1%(-23.3%~-8.3%)。西北地区2008-2018年发现率在4.4/10万~6.1/10万之间,APC=2.1%(-0.2%~4.4%),之后有所下降,2022年发现率降至2.7/10万,APC=-15.9%(-24.2%~-6.8%)。中南地区2008-2022年发现率稳定在3.4/10万~4.3/10万之间,APC=-0.7%(-1.4%~0),P=0.064。结论我国2008-2022年报告≥50岁女性HIV/AIDS患者所占比例及发现率逐年上升,传播途径以异性性传播为主,且主要通过非商业性性伴感染。西南、中南和西北地区报告发现率较高。需针对重点人群、重点地区开展有针对性地防控措施控制HIV流行。
Objective This study seeks to understand the epidemiological characteristics of female patients with HIV/AIDS reported from 2008 to 2022 in China,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of targeted AIDS prevention and control strategies for certain female groups.Methods All female patients with HIV/AIDS reported during the period 2008‒2022 in the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP)were included in this study.Excel 2016 and SPSS 24.0 were used for data cleaning and descriptive statistical analysis.Joint Point Regression Program 4.9.0 was used to compute time trend analysis of the detection rate via a logarithmic linear model and calculate average annual percentage changes(AAPC)and annual percentage changes(APC).The significance level wasα=0.05.Results From 2008 to 2022,the number of reported female HIV/AIDS patients in China first increased and then decreased,accounting for over 20%of the total.The detection rate increased from 2.7/105 in 2008 to 5.0/105 in 2019,and then displayed a downward trend,dropping to 3.4/105 in 2022.The time trend analysis results indicated an APC of 4.5%(3.3%to 5.8%)from 2008 to 2015,8.2%(4.3%to 12.2%)from 2015 to 2019,and-12.8%(-16.2%to-9.3%)from 2019 to 2022,and an AAPC of 1.5%(0.3%to 2.8%)from 2008 to 2022.The detection rate of female patients aged 20-29 decreased from 6.7/105 in 2008 to 1.9/105 in 2022,with an AAPC of-8.8%(-11.1%to-6.5%).The detection rate of those aged 50-59 and 60-69 exhibited a rapid increase,followed by a slight decrease,with AAPC of 12.2%(10.7%to 13.7%)and 13.0%(9.5%to 16.6%),respectively.The main route of infection among female patients was heterosexual transmission,accounting for 96.9%(22624/23357)in 2022,mainly through intercourse with non-commercial sexual partners(66.7%,15087/22624).The reported female patients were mainly distributed in the Southwestern and Central Southern regions,accounting for 49.5%(11573/23357)and 28.6%(6691/23357)in 2022,respectively.The detection rate in the Southwestern region was much higher than that in other regions,increasing from 7.2/105 in 2008 to 19.2/105 in 2019,with an APC of 10.0%(8.5%to 11.5%),and decreasing to 11.5/105 in 2022,with an APC of-16.1%(-23.3%to-8.3%).The detection rate in the Northwestern region from 2008 to 2018 was between 4.4/105 and 6.1/105,with an APC of 2.1%(-0.2%to 4.4%).This figure then decreased to 2.7/105 in 2022,with an APC of-15.9%(-24.2%to-6.8%).The detection rate in the Central Southern regions remained stable between 3.4/105 and 4.3/105 from 2008 to 2022,with an APC of-0.7%(-1.4%to 0)and a P-value of 0.064.Conclusions The proportion and detection rate of female patients with HIV/AIDS aged over 50 increased year by year.Female patients are mainly infected by non-commercial sexual partners through heterosexual transmission.The detection rate of female patients is higher in the Southwestern,Central Southern,and Northwestern regions.Targeted prevention and control measures are necessary to control the spread of HIV for key populations and areas.
作者
秦倩倩
李培龙
金怡晨
蔡畅
陈方方
汤后林
QIN Qianqian;LI Peilong;JIN Yichen;CAI Chang;CHEN Fangfang;TANG Houlin(Division of Epidemiology,National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《中国艾滋病性病》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期12-17,共6页
Chinese Journal of Aids & STD
关键词
艾滋病病毒
艾滋病
女性
特征
HIV
AIDS
female
epidemic characteristics
作者简介
第一作者:秦倩倩(1975-),女,研究员,博士,主要从事艾滋病监测工作。Email:qinqq@chinaaids.cn;通信作者:汤后林,Email:tanghl@chinaaids.cn。
