摘要
清华简《五音图》是一篇前所未知的音乐类佚籍,对于先秦乐学乃至思想史的研究,具有重大意义。《五音图》五角星图形由“宫—徵”“徵—商”“商—羽”“羽—角”“角—宫”五条连线构成,正好构成了五音的乐音“生成”系统,但并非闭合循环的“相生”系统。曾侯乙编钟铭文是目前所见最为完整的先秦乐律学文献,为研究《五音图》乐音体系提供了参照。《五音图》涉及24个音名,可分为三类:其一是高低八度的音名,其二是低一律的偏音名,其三是上下大三度的音名。另外,《五音图》音名与《黄帝内经》相关音名的数量和修饰语总体相似。在汉代,多以黄钟为标准“同律度量衡”,《黄帝内经》便是将钟律推衍至人体定律。由此或可印证,清华简《五音图》并非与普通乐器有关,而可能是作为编排乐律的乐钟——编钟的乐音体系图示。
The“Wuyin Tu五音图”(Pentatonic Scale Diagram)of Tsinghua manuscripts is an unknown music related lost text,which is of great significance to the study of pre-Qin musicology and even the history of thought.The five-pointed star pattern in the“Wuyin Tu”is composed of five lines of“gong宫-zhi徵,”“zhi徵-shang商,”“shang商-yu羽,”“yu羽-jue角”and“jue角-gong宫,”which exactly constitutes the musical sound“generation”system of pentatonic scale,but it is not a closed cycle“mutual generation”system.The inscriptions on chime bells by Zeng Hou Yi are the most complete text on music theory of pre-Qin period,which provides a reference for studying the music system of“Wuyin Tu.”The“Wuyin Tu”involves 24 scales,which can be divided into three categories:one is the scales of high or low octaves,the second is the scales of the lower partial tones,and the third is the scales of the upper and lower major triads.In addition,the number and modifiers of the scales in the“Wuyin Tu”are generally similar to those of the Huangdi Neijing黄帝内经.In the Han Dynasty,the yellow chime was used as the standard for“the common law of measurements,”and the Huangdi Neijing was the extension of the chime rhythm to the rhythm of human body.Therefore,it seems to be confirmed that the“Wuyin Tu”is not related to ordinary musical instruments,but may be a musical system diagram of chime bells,which are used to arrange music rhythm.
出处
《中国文化研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期31-39,共9页
Chinese Culture Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“先秦乐学文献整理与研究”(17ZDA250)
北京语言大学校级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(21PT03)的阶段性成果。
关键词
先秦乐学
五音图
乐音体系
钟律
Pre-Qin musicology
"Wuyin Tu"
music system
Chime rhythm
作者简介
谭惟(1980-),女,四川安岳人,哲学博士,北京语言大学中华文化研究院、北京市哲学社会科学首都国际文化研究基地助理研究员、硕士生导师,主要研究方向为儒家乐教思想、先秦乐学、中国音乐文学史。
