摘要
目的调查2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的人群信息,分析其特征及趋势,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供数据支持,探讨新形势下保障用血安全的措施。方法采用2种酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂和1种核酸检测(NAT)试剂对2012—2022年广州地区的无偿献血标本进行HIV抗原抗体检测和HIV RNA筛查,检出反应性的血液标本送至广州疾病预防控制中心进行抗-HIV确证实验(蛋白免疫印迹法),并对确证抗-HIV阳性的献血者进行人群特征分析。结果2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群共3351596份献血者标本。抗-HIV确证阳性有708份,总阳性率为21.12/10万,抗-HIV阳性率整体呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。其中:1)不同年龄段的抗-HIV阳性率由高到低依次是25~34岁组、35~44岁组、18~24岁组、≥45岁组(P<0.05);2)初次献血者抗-HIV阳性率(39.23/10万)显著高于重复献血者(10.78/10万)(P<0.05);3)男性献血者抗-HIV阳性率(30.45/10万)显著高于女性(3.46/10万)(P<0.05);4)个体献血者抗-HIV阳性率(32.18/10万)高于团体献血者(9.10/10万)(P<0.05)。结论2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群中,抗-HIV确证阳性率呈现逐年下降的趋势,与无偿献血及艾滋病预防系列政策落实呈显著正相关性。青年人群仍然是HIV高危人群集中区,应多渠道加强艾滋病预防知识的宣传教育。初次献血者的抗-HIV阳性率远高于重复献血者,建议进一步优化献血前的健康征询和体检过程,多措施筛查高危行为人群的献血行为。加强固定献血者的艾滋病预防等宣传教育,坚持从低危人群中招募献血者,并加强献血后保密性弃血途径告知工作。
Objective To investigate the population data of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou between 2012 and 2022,and analyze its characteristics and trends,so as to provide valuable data for formulating targeted prevention and ensuring blood safety.Methods Voluntary blood donors samples from 2012 to 2022 were screened for p24 antigen and anti-HIV by two ELISA diagnostic kits and HIV RNA by nucleic acid test(NAT).The reactive blood samples were sent to the Disease Control and Prevention Center of Guangzhou for anti-HIV confirmatory test by Western blot.The population characteristics of blood donors with confirmed-positive HIV were subsequently analyzed.Results There were a total of 3351596 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2022,of which 708 samples were confirmed-positive of anti-HIV,with a total positive rate of 21.12/100000,showing a decreasing trend(P<0.05).1)The positive rates of age groups from high to low were 25-34 year old group,35-44 year old group,18-24 year old group,and≥45 year old group.The differences among various groups are statistically significant;2)The anti-HIV positive rate of first-time blood donors(39.23/100000)was significantly higher than that of repeat blood donors(10.78/100000)(P<0.05);3)The anti-HIV positive rate of male blood donors was 30.45/100000,which was significantly higher than that of female blood donors(3.46/100000);4)The anti-HIV positive rate of individual blood donors(32.18/100000)was higher than that of group blood donors(9.10/100000)(P<0.05).Conclusion From 2012 to 2022,the confirmed-positive rate of anti-HIV among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou showed a downward trend,which was significantly correlated with the implementation of voluntary blood donation and AIDS prevention policies.Young blood donors are of high risk of HIV,and it is necessary to enhance publicity and education on AIDS prevention through multiple channels among young population.Given that the anti-HIV positive rate of first-time blood donors is much higher than that of repeat blood donors,it is recommended to further optimize the health consultation and physical examination process before blood donation,and take multiple measures to screen high-risk behavior groups.Besides,more efforts should be made to promote publicity and education on AIDS prevention among regular blood donors.It is also important to recruit blood donors from low-risk groups and inform the donors about confidential unit exclusion.
作者
田也
李仲平
廖芬芳
谢君谋
杨穗群
戎霞
王淏
TIAN Ye;LI Zhongping;LIAO Fenfang;XIE Junmou;YANG Suiqun;RONG Xia;WANG Hao(Guangzhou Blood Center,The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou,Guangzhou 510095,China.)
出处
《中国输血杂志》
CAS
2024年第2期180-184,208,共6页
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion
基金
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20231A011074)
广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J1000)。
关键词
无偿献血者
HIV
宣传
voluntary blood donors
HIV
publicity
作者简介
第一作者:田也(1981-),女,副主任技师,Email:ashleye102@aliyun.com;通信作者:王淏,Email:wang-hao_med@foxmail.com。
