摘要
试验旨在探讨饲料中不同钙磷水平对禾花鲤生长性能、血清生化指标、骨骼及肝脏组织形态的影响。试验以氯化钙为钙源设2个钙水平:0、0.5%(A、B),以磷酸二氢钾为磷源设4个磷水平:0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%(1、2、3、4),采用交叉组合制备A1(0钙、0磷)、A2(0钙、0.5%磷)、A3(0钙、1.0%磷)、A4(0钙、1.5%磷)、B1(0.5%钙、0磷)、B2(0.5%钙、0.5%磷)、B3(0.5%钙、1.0%磷)、B4(0.5%钙、1.5%磷)8组等氮饲料,选择初始体重为(4.46±0.02) g的禾花鲤1 440尾,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼,养殖60 d。试验结果表明:(1)禾花鲤的终末体重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)在钙磷水平分别为0.5%、1.5%(B4)时达最大值,显著大于A4和B1组(P<0.05)。饲料系数(FCR)在钙磷水平分别为0.5%、1.5%时达最小值,显著低于A4和B1组(P<0.05)。(2)饲料磷水平升高显著降低禾花鲤粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)。粗蛋白含量随饲料磷升高而增加,与不添加钙组相比,添加钙减少蛋白质沉积。鱼体钙含量随磷水平升高而增加,但B4组禾花鲤钙含量显著低于B3组(P<0.05)。(3)血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性在钙磷水平分别为0.5%、1.0%时达最小值。总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量随饲料磷水平升高呈降低趋势。(4) X光片显示,A1组脊椎骨发生融合,A3、A4和B1组尾脊椎骨发生不同程度畸形。(5)当饲料钙水平为0时,饲料磷水平升高可缓解肝细胞空泡化,当磷水平为1.5%时造成脂肪堆积和核偏移;当钙水平为0.5%时,饲料磷水平升高可减少肝细胞损伤,且肝细胞完整性更好。综上所述,建议禾花鲤饲料钙磷水平分别为0.5%、1.0%~1.5%,有利于禾花鲤的生长及鱼体健康。
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)levels on the growth performance,serum biochemistry,bone and liver tissue morphology of Cyprinus carpio var.In this experiment,two levels of calcium were set up with calcium chloride as the Ca source:0 and 0.5%,and four levels of phosphorus were set up with potassium phosphate as the P source:0,0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%.Eight groups of nitrogen feed were prepared using cross combinations,including A1(0 Ca,0.0%P),A2(0 Ca,0.5%P),A3(0 Ca,1.0%P),A4(0 Ca,1.5%P),B1(0.5%Ca,0 P),B2(0.5%Ca,0.5%P),B3(0.5%Ca,1.0%P),and B4(0.5%Ca,1.5%P).A total of 1440 Cyprinus carpio var with an initial body weight of(4.46±0.02)g were randomly divided into 8 groups with 3 replicates per group and 60 fish per replicate for 60 days.①The final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),and specific growth rate(SGR)of Cyprinus carpio var reached maximum values at Ca and P levels of 0.5%and 1.5%(B4),respectively,which were significantly greater than in group A4 and B1(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR)reached a minimum at Ca and P levels of 0.5%and 1.5%,respectively,and which was significantly lower than in group A4 and B1(P<0.05).②Elevated levels of dietary P significantly reduced the crude fat content of Cyprinus carpio var(P<0.05).Crude protein content was increased with elevated dietary P,and the addition of Ca reduced protein deposition compared to the group without Ca addition.The Ca content of fish was increased with increasing P level,but the Ca content of Cyprinus carpio var in group B4 was significantly lower than that in group B3(P<0.05).③Serum glutamic aminotransferase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activities reached minimum values at Ca and P levels of 0.5%and 1.0%,respectively.Total cholesterol(T-CHO)content tended to decrease with increasing feed P levels.④X-rays showed fusion of vertebrae in group A1 and varying degrees of deformity of caudal vertebrae in groups A3,A4 and B1.⑤Elevated dietary P levels alleviated hepatocyte vacuolation when the dietary Ca level was 0,but P levels of 1.5%caused fat accumulation and nuclear excursions;elevated dietary P levels reduced hepatocyte damage and had better hepatocyte integrity when Ca levels were 0.5%.In conclusion,it is recommended that Ca and P levels of 0.5%and 1.0%to 1.5%,respectively,should be added to the feed of Cyprinus carpio var to facilitate their growth and fish health.
作者
黄娇
黄凯
介百飞
江林源
莫翠琴
于凯
郭睿婕
吴耀庭
HUANG Jiao;HUANG Kai;JIE Baifei;JIANG Linyuan;MO Cuiqin;YU Kai;GUO Ruijie;WU Yaoting(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Guangxi Nanning 530022,China;Fishery Sciences Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guangxi Nanning 530021,China)
出处
《饲料工业》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期84-92,共9页
Feed Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金[32160865]
广西科技重大专项创新驱动发展基金[桂科AA20302019-6]。
关键词
禾花鲤
钙
磷
生长性能
血清生化指标
骨骼
肝脏组织形态
Cyprinus carpio var
calcium
phosphorus
growth performance
serum biochemical indice
skeleton
liver histomorphology
作者简介
黄娇,硕士,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。;通讯作者:黄凯,教授,博士生导师。
