摘要
阐释学对“固态”语言文本的过度重视,使得关于“活态”行动的阐释学理论一直处于相对匮乏的地位。保罗·利科的“行动阐释学”理论从行动出发,分析了文本行动中“说明”与“理解”“解释”的相互渗透。他将批判性渗透到对“间距”的阐释中,认为文本一经形成便具有了自身的独立性,文本的行动是一个“去语境化”和“重构语境”的过程。行动并非由单个行动者构成,而是“多元行动者”的协同运作和“即兴表演”。人类行动者也并非传统哲学意义上的“主体”,而是被行动裹挟却具备部分能动性,并在放弃自我的过程中理解自我。利科的“行动阐释学”虽没有完全摆脱“语言符号”模态,但他扎根经典阐释学理论,使得“固态”的语言文本再度“活态化”,并揭示了行动的部分运作机制,孕育了一种新的关于“行动”的阐释模式,呼应并一同汇入当代试图变革阐释学理论的潮流之中。当利科的“行动阐释学”与当代新兴的行动理论相遇,或许会生成一种更具阐释效力的“行动阐释学”理论,并进一步通向一种“多模态”的“事件阐释学”。
Hermeneutics pays too much attention to the“solid”language texts,so that the hermeneutic theory of“lived”action has been in a relatively poor position.Paul Ricoeur s“hermeneutics of action”starts from action,and returns to action through textual mediation.By de-psychologizing the concepts of“understanding”and“interpretation”and further transforming the meanings of“understanding”,“interpretation”and“explanation”,he analyzes the transformation process of“textual hermeneutics”to“hermeneutics of action”,and then expounds the mutual penetration of“explanation”,“understanding”and“interpretation”in action of text.Once the text is formed,it has its own materiality and objectivity,and its meaning needs to surpass the author s original intention in the later reading and comprehension.It is not only“saying”something,but is also“doing”concrete things as a practical actor.The intention of the author or the actor cannot play a dominant role in the event,but is merely one of the factors influencing the outcome of the event.Ricoeur penetrates criticalness into the interpretation of“distanciation”,believing that the action of text makes“distanciation”into being,and it is impossible to return to the previous context.So,it is a process of“decontextualization”and“recontextualization”.Compared with Hans-Georg Gadamer s“practical hermeneutics”that returns to tradition,Ricoeur s“hermeneutics of action”is more inclined to criticize tradition,which is a kind of planning and preparing for the future.The“distanciation”brought about by the action of the text does not cause the non-objectivity of the interpretation,but conditions the understanding and interpretation of the text and the action.Action is not composed of a single actor,but the coordinated operation and“improvisation”of“multiple-agent”.The actors as human beings are not the“subject”in the traditional philosophical sense;instead,they are bound by the action with some initiative,understanding themselves in the process of giving up themselves.Ricoeur s“hermeneutics of action”is a“downward”way to return to epistemology in the history of hermeneutics,which undoubtedly reserves space for re-critical reflection on hermeneutics itself.Although“hermeneutics of action”does not get rid of the“language/symbol modality”completely,it is rooted in classical hermeneutics theory making the“solid”language text“relived”,and reveals part of the operation mechanism of action.It gives birth to a new interpretation mode of“action”,echoing and joining the contemporary trend of trying to change the hermeneutic theory.When Ricoeur s“hermeneutics of action”meets the contemporary emerging action theory,it might generate a“hermeneutics of action”theory which would have more interpretive efficacy and lead to a multimodal“event hermeneutics”in the end.
作者
张进
蒲睿
Zhang Jin;Pu Rui
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期111-122,193,共13页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“丝路审美文化中外互通问题研究”(17ZDA272)。
关键词
保罗·利科
行动阐释学
重构语境
多元行动者
语言符号模态
事件阐释学
Paul Recoeur
Hermeneutics of action
Recontextualization
Multiple-agent
Language/symbols modality
Event hermeneutics
作者简介
张进,兰州大学文学院教授;蒲睿,兰州大学文学院博士研究生(兰州730000)。
