摘要
城市三维景观的研究有助于景观生态学研究向三维的方向发展并指导城市合理规划。基于北京市核心区2022年城市三维建筑数据,采用三维景观格局指数、ArcGIS空间分析、点格局分析等方法探究了研究区城市三维景观格局空间分异特征。结果表明:①研究区各街道的三维景观指数具有较明显的空间分异特征。其中,建筑物数量和景观形状指数均呈现出城市中心最高并向外围逐渐减小的趋势,高建筑率、建筑平均投影面积、建筑物平均高度、建筑物高度标准差在研究区外围最高,建筑物覆盖率在北部高于南部,容积率在东西两侧高于中心,Shannon多样性指数在西南最高;②研究区内的主要建筑景观为低层和多层建筑,高层和超高层建筑很少;空间尺度对建筑点分布的聚集性有影响:随着空间尺度的增加,低层、多层和高层建筑的聚集程度先增后减,超高层建筑则会随着空间尺度的增加呈“聚集-离散”状态。研究结果可为城市改造以及政府决策提供一定科学依据。
The study of urban three-dimensional landscape is helpful to the development of landscape ecology in the three-dimensional direction and guide rational urban planning.Based on the urban 3D architectural data of Beijing core area in 2022,this paper uses three-dimensional landscape pattern index,ArcGIS spatial analysis,and point pattern analysis to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of urban 3D landscape pattern in the study area.The results show that:①The 3D landscape index of each street in the study area has more obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.Among them,the number of buildings and the landscape shape index show the trend that the city center is the highest and decreases gradually to the periphery.The high building rate,the average projected area of buildings,the average height of buildings,and the standard deviation of building heights are the highest in the periphery of the study area.The building coverage is higher than that of the south in the north.The volume rate is higher than that of the center in the east and west,and the Shannon Diversity Index is the highest in the southwestern part of the study area;②The predominant built landscape in the study area is characterized by low-rise and multi-story buildings,with few high-rise and supertall buildings;spatial scale has an impact on the clustering of the distribution of building points:the aggregation of low-rise,multi-storey and high-rise buildings increases and then decreases with the increase of spatial scale,and the ultra-high-rise buildings show the state of"aggregation-disaggregation"with the increase of spatial scale.The results of the study are expected to provide a certain scientific basis for urban transformation and governmental decision-making.
作者
刘嵋
杨惠君
Liu Mei;Yang Huijun(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,Hunan,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2023年第22期266-272,共7页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
关键词
三维景观格局
景观格局指数
ArcGIS空间分析
点格局分析
three-dimensional landscape pattern
landscape pattern index
ArcGIS spatial analysis
point pattern analysis
作者简介
刘嵋(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为国土资源利用与管理;通讯作者:杨惠君(1993-),女,讲师,研究方向为国土资源利用与管理。
