摘要
【目的】湖州西苕溪流域[土斗]-圩田是本土先民在与自然灾害的抗争中创造的一种地域性景观。在全球气候变化、极端天气频发的背景下,对[土斗]-圩田传统人居智慧的探讨不仅有利于人们更好地运用生态思想应对灾害,还可以为该地区文化景观的更新设计提供指引。【方法】以西苕溪流域平原地区[土斗]田、圩田为研究对象,采用ArcGIS分析法和实地调研法,从形态学角度探讨[土斗]-圩田景观水利、农业以及聚落系统的特征。【结果】西苕溪流域[土斗]-圩田人居体系存在整体性与差异性特征。从上游至下游,水网越来越稠密,农地越来越破碎,聚落密度先升高后降低,聚落规模则先减小后增大,聚落选址与形态和水系的耦合关系越来越明显。【结论】[土斗]-圩田传统人居体系的形成是适应并改造自然的结果。结合场地特征,提出优化水网格局、促进产业升级和保护传统村落等策略,可指导场地未来的更新设计,并为其他地区文化景观的保护与更新提供参考。
[Objective]In the Xitiaoxi Watershed,floods and droughts have been common since ancient times,and a distinctive cultural landscape known as dike−polder has been progressively created.Studying the traditional human settlement system that integrates the production,living,and disaster prevention functions of the paddy field landscape can help us better apply ecological thinking to cope with water and drought disasters,and can provide guidance for the protection and renewal of local cultural landscape,which is especially important given the backdrop of global climate change and frequent extreme weather events.Nevertheless,a thorough analysis of the Xitiaoxi Watershed’s historic human settlement system and an interpretation of its distinct regional features are absent from the current research.[Methods]With a research area of around 840 km2,this research focuses on the dike−polder areas in the plain area of the Xitiaoxi Watershed.Field investigation and ArcGIS analysis are the primary techniques employed.To better comprehend the distinctive environment and customary way of life of the local area,the research draws on historical satellite pictures,contemporary Google satellite imagery,local chronicles,and a variety of literary materials in addition to field investigation,and creates a geographic information database for polder and dike fields using the ArcGIS platform.To guarantee fundamental error-free results,the research coordinates the calibration and positioning of historical satellite pictures and compares them with the size of the polder−dike areas indicated in the planning documents.Moreover,the research determines the locations of polder villages and dike settlements through ArcGIS’s place name catalog,imports such information as elevation,and water system data from the national open-source data website,and adopts spatial analysis methods such as fishing net and kernel density analysis in quantitative statistics.The research also examines from a morphological point of view the features of agriculture,settlement systems,and water conservation in the dike−polder landscape of the Xitiaoxi Watershed.[Results]The Xitiaoxi Watershed’s human settlement system exhibits both similarities and distinctions.Together,a comprehensive water conservation system,an environmentally conscious agricultural system,and a settlement system located high above the water create a harmonic environment that unites production,ecology,and life.Differentiated living systems have emerged in the upper,middle,and lower parts of the watershed as a result of zonal changes in the hydrological environment and natural terrain.The Xitiaoxi River experiences a gradual drop in topography from its upstream to downstream sections,accompanied by increasing density of water network,and declining embankment height.The pattern of local water network has steadily evolved from an irregular grid structure to a regular one,and the emphasis of water conservancy construction has shifted from creating high river embankments to extensively excavating river ditches.As a result of the division of water networks,farmland texture is getting increasingly dispersed.Contrary to the density of water network,the density of settlements initially rises and then falls.The physical features and settlement siting perspectives indicate that distinct influencing elements are important in each area.The interaction between water system,polder settlement morphology,and site selection is increasing.Between the settlement and the water network,there is a change from passive to active water adaptation.These traits show how local human settlements have adapted to the surrounding natural environment.[Conclusion]This research explores the distinct regional features of traditional human settlement systems by examining the overall,local,hierarchical,and regional dike−polder landscape in the Xitiaoxi Watershed,where the prevailing conventional wisdom of“adapting to local conditions”is still of significant directional value in modern times.However,traditional rural settlements are experiencing problems such as dwindling ecological storage capacity,delayed economic development,and landscape homogenization as a result of the fast urbanization process.In view of this,this research proposes several measures such as adhering to the conventional ecological pattern,streamlining the water network system,improving ecological security,stressing the use of ecological methods to improve water adaptability,and adopting a flexible approach during disasters.In addition,it is also supposed to eamine site benefits,encourage the growth of composite agriculture,step up marketing initiatives,support the expansion of tourist,accomplish industrial upgrading,foster rural rejuvenation,preserve unique village qualities,steer clear of homogeneity,emphasize the relationship between traditional villages and other landscape features,execute work in accordance with local requirements,and safeguard a peaceful rural environment.This research can serve as a reference for the preservation and revitalization of traditional agricultural landscapes in other areas,in addition to providing context and guidelines for the preservation of local landscapes and future site design.
作者
孙瑾璐
王晴
郭巍
SUN Jinlu;WANG Qing;GUO Wei(the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;the Department of Environmental Design,Institute of Art Engineering,Kyushu University)
出处
《风景园林》
北大核心
2024年第1期64-70,共7页
Landscape Architecture
基金
国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“新发展理念下乡村振兴艺术设计战略研究”(编号22ZD16)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角圩田景观的传统水文干预、空间营建和管控模式研究”(编号52078041)。
作者简介
孙瑾璐,女,北京林业大学园林学院在读硕士研究生,研究方向为风景园林规划与设计;王晴,女,九州大学艺术工学府环境设计学院在读博士生,研究方向为亚洲超大城市人口密度与绿地变化;通信作者:郭巍,男,博士,北京林业大学园林学院教授、博士生导师,本刊编委,研究方向为基于水文的传统人居环境,邮箱:gwei1024@126.com。
