摘要
利用体外模拟瘤胃法研究不同处理对油菜秸秆营养成分、体外瘤胃产气、营养成分体外降解率及瘤胃菌群结构的影响,旨在为油菜秸秆饲料化利用提供数据参考。将油菜秸秆粉碎(A组)、高压处理(B组)、酶菌协同发酵(C组)、固态二次发酵(D组)。以3头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的成年黑安格斯阉牛为瘤胃液供体,进行体外模拟瘤胃消化试验。结果表明:与A组相比,C、D组的总能、粗蛋白均显著提高(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著下降(P<0.05);C、D组饲草分级指数显著高于A、B组(P<0.05);B组酸性洗涤纤维体外降解率显著提升(P<0.05),C组干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维体外降解率提高55.29%、43.20%、256.62%;D组的粗蛋白体外降解率达到79.31%。D组的12、24、36、48、72 h体外累计产气量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。C组慢速产气部分、潜在总产气量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),D组慢速产气部分、潜在总产气量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。C组体外产气的甲烷(CH4)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);A组和C组的二氧化碳(CO_(2))含量显著高于B组和D组(P<0.05)。体外发酵24 h后总挥发性脂肪酸浓度为D组>B组>C组>A组(P<0.05),体外发酵72 h总挥发性脂肪酸浓度A、B组显著高于C、D组。体外发酵24 h时D组氨态氮浓度显著高于其他组(P<0.05);不同处理油菜秸秆均可以使牛瘤胃微生物多样性发生改变。综上,酶菌协同发酵及固态二次发酵处理均能明显改变油菜秸秆营养成分,其中酶菌协同发酵后的油菜秸秆瘤胃发酵效果较好,更易被反刍动物消化利用。
The effects of different treatments on nutrient components,rumen gas production,nutri⁃ent degradation rate and rumen flora structure of rapeseed straw were studied by simulated rumen method in vitro,which providing reference data for feed utilization of rapeseed straw.Rape straw was crushed(group A),high pressure treatment(group B),enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation(group C),secondary solid-state fermentation(group D)at first.Then the black Angus steers equipped with permanent rumen fistula were used as rumen fluid donors to carry out rumen digestion test in vitro.The results showed that,the gross energy(GE)and crude protein(CP)increased significantly(P<0.05),while neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)decreased significantly(P<0.05)in group C and D,compared with group A,grading index of forage grass in group C and D were sig⁃nificantly higher than that in group A and B(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the degradation rate of ADF in group B was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the degradation rates of DM,NDF and ADF in group C were increased by 55.29%,43.20%and 256.62%and the degradation rate of CP in group D was increased by 79.31%.The cumulative gas production at 12 h,24 h,36 h,48 h and 72 h in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).The total gas production and slow gas produc⁃tion of group C was higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),while that of group D was lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).The content of CH4 in the gas produced in vitro in group C was higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The content of CO_(2) in group A and C were higher than that in group B and D(P<0.05).The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in 24-hour fermentation broth of rapeseed straw treated with different treatments was D group>B group>C group>A group(P<0.05).The concentra⁃tion of total volatile fatty acids in 72 h in vitro fermentation broth of group A and B was significantly higher than that of group C and D.The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in group D was significantly higher than that in other groups after 24 hours in vitro fermentation broth(P<0.05).Different treatments of rapeseed straw can change the rumen microbial diversity of cattle.To sum up,rumen fermentation ef⁃fect of rapeseed straw after enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation is better,and it is easier to be di⁃gested and utilized by ruminants.
作者
赵娜
魏金涛
郭万正
樊启文
黄静
陈芳
金枫
徐志宇
ZHAO Na;WEI Jintao;GUO Wanzheng;FAN Qiwen;HUANG Jing;CHEN Fang;JIN Feng;XU Zhiyu(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Wuhan 430064,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2023年第23期55-64,共10页
Feed Industry
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目[CARS-12]
湖北省农业科技创新中心项目[2021-620-000-001-021]
中央引导地方项目[XZ202301YD0013C]。
关键词
油菜秸秆
处理方式
饲用价值评定
体外产气
微生物多样性
rape straw
treatment way
evaluation of feeding value
gas production in vitro
rumen flora structure
作者简介
赵娜,硕士,副研究员,研究方向为饲料资源开发;通讯作者:徐志宇,博士,正高级农艺师。
