摘要
人类对知识的研究已然精深,但是对无知的关注还未深入。就无知的本质问题来看,无知是知识的缺乏。随着当代知识论对知识概念的深入分析,作为缺乏呈现的无知也展现出多种样态。这有助于我们拨开迷雾,进一步刻画无知的种类。就无知的规范性问题来看,我们在谈论无知时往往带有规范性层面的意蕴。这种意蕴可以是责备的,也可以是赞扬的。责备或赞扬的根源并非只是由认知活动的最后结果决定,还取决于认知主体是否对规范性理由给予了合适的回应,以及认知主体是否遵循了来自不同层面的义务。从行动结果向行动者的进一步溯源,可以揭示出认知主体的美德与恶习发挥的重要作用。
Investigation into knowledge has been adequate,but the inquiry into ignorance is far from being satisfactory.In examining the nature of ignorance,the nature of ignorance is understood as the lack of knowledge.Contemporary epistemology provides a detailed analysis of knowledge,revealing that ignorance,as a state of lacking,presents itself in various forms.Regarding the normativity of ignorance,discussions around ignorance have normative implications.On some occasions,they are negative,but they also can be positive.The source of normativity is determined not only by the quality of cognitive results,but also by the appropriateness of subjects'responses to normative reasons and duties.Tracing the consequences of actions back to the agent sheds light on the vital role played by the virtues and vices of cognitive agents.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第11期36-44,98,共10页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划项目“恶习知识论视域下无知研究的‘转型’与‘重塑’”(项目编号:2022ZZX004)的阶段性成果。
关键词
无知
规范性
理智恶习
知识
责备
Ignorance
Normativity
Intellectual Vice
Knowledge
Blame
作者简介
王聚,复旦大学哲学学院副教授。
