摘要
魏晋南北朝存在两种中正,一种是朝廷任命的州郡中正,一种是北朝州郡辟除的中正。魏晋南朝时期朝廷任命的中正始终是一种职位,可以讨论是否设置与废除。由于这种中正没有任期,也没有考课,所以他们举人必然朝着实现自身利益最大化的方向发展。北朝中正有朝廷任命与州郡辟除的分别,且都在北齐获得比视官品。北朝朝廷任命的中正仍然是一个职位,需有本官;州郡辟除的中正虽然地位很低,但是独立为官,有比视官品,有俸禄,不再依附于其他官位。这种州郡辟除的中正的产生可能与北朝的军事行为有关,在东魏时已完全固定为地方僚属。无论是中央还是地方,北朝中正职官化的另一个可能因素,是北魏孝文帝定姓族之后,官爵在门阀资格及其等级评定中的重要性。由于隋废九品中正制,所以中正职官化的道路也随之终结。
There existed two kinds of Rectifiers in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern dynasties:one kind was the central Rectifier appointed by the court,and the other was the local Rectifier conscripted and conferred by Regions and Commanderies in the Northern dynasty.The former had been a kind of position in this period which can be discussed to be set or abolished.As this kind of Rectifiers had neither tenure nor assessment,they must maximize their own profits when making recommendation.The central Rectifier in Northern Qi was still an appointment which needed a titular officer;while the position of local Rectifier was quite low,but it was independent and given equivalent official rank with salary.The setting of such position might be relevant to the military actions of the Northern dynasties,and was fixed to local staff in the Eastern Wei period.Both at the central and local level,another possible reason for officialization of the Rectifier in the Northern dynasties might be the importance of official rank after Emperor Xiaowen rearranging the ethnic groups.And with the Nine Ranks System being abolished in the Sui dynasty,this process ended finally.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期106-121,167,共17页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
作者简介
刘啸,华东师范大学历史学系副教授。
