摘要
近年来全国人大常委会反复强调要在香港地区加强备案审查工作,但如何能让一项基于“社会主义法治理念”构建的监督制度有效嵌入香港法体系,是具有中国特色的宪制难题。在香港基本法制定过程中,为了弥合两地法律监督理念差异,立法者引入“分工负责审查模式”、通过对“审查依据”“审查对象”“纠错方式”的三重设置,将备案审查在香港地区的功能框定在一个重要但有限的范围。作为香港地区法律监督制度的一环,备案审查在实践中需要同时处理与“行政长官立法监督权”“香港法院司法审查权”“香港原有法律监督权”的三重关系,复杂的制度间博弈影响了备案审查预设功能的展开。备案审查制度功能在香港地区的强化可从前后两端着眼:一是加强与行政长官的沟通,实现对立法草案的控制;二是构建纠纷解决程序,处理备案审查与司法审查权限交叉的疑难情形。
In recent years,the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has repeatedly emphasized the need to strengthen the Record-Review system in Hong Kong region.However,how to effectively integrate a supervision system based on the“socialist rule of law”into the legal system of Hong Kong is a constitutional challenge with Chinese characteristics.During the formulation of the Basic Law of Hong Kong region,in order to bridge the differences in legal supervision principles between the two regions,lawmakers introduced a“division of responsibilities review model”,and through the triple setting of“review criteria,”“review subjects,”and“error correction methods”,the function of Record-Review system in Hong Kong was framed within an important but limited scope.As part of the legal supervision system in Hong Kong,Record-Review system in practice needs to navigate the complex interplay of three relationships:“the Chief Executive's legislative supervision power,”“the judicial review power of Hong Kong courts,”and“the pre-existing legal supervision powers in Hong Kong”.The complex inter-institutional game affects the implementation of the preset functions of the Record-Review system.The strengthening of the Record-Review system in Hong Kong region can be approached from two perspectives.First,to enhance communication with the Chief Executive to exert control over legislative proposals.Second,to establish dispute resolution procedures to address complex situations where the Record-Review and judicial review authorities overlap.
出处
《港澳研究》
CSSCI
2023年第3期15-33,93,94,共21页
Hong Kong and Macao Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“落实中央对特别行政区全面管治权研究”(项目编号:22ZDA124)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
备案审查
司法审查
基本法实施
功能主义
全国人大常委会与香港法院的关系
Record-Review
Judicial Review
Implementation of the Basic Law
Functionalism
Relationship between the NPCSC and the HK Courts
作者简介
孙成,深圳大学港澳基本法研究中心副教授。
