摘要
利用2012—2021年近10年区域自动站和国家气象站共99个站点的历年气象要素资料,计算各站点逐日综合气象干旱指数(MCI),从而分析文山州干旱的时空演变特征。计算结果显示:(1)文山州每个月都会出现不同程度的轻旱和中旱,重旱较少,没出现过特旱。(2)文山州轻旱最显著的是12月,其次是11月和10月,10-12月几乎全州所有站点都出现过轻旱,且轻旱日数最多的站点都在半个月以上。(3)文山州轻旱的季节性特点是:秋季轻旱日数最多,分布面积最广,最明显的是文山市、砚山县和麻栗坡县;其次冬季各站点轻旱日数比秋季少三分之一,有的甚至少一半左右;春季更少,最少的是夏季。中旱与轻旱情况一样,四季中也是秋季中旱日数最多,分布面积最广,最明显的是丘北县、广南县、砚山县、西畴县。夏季中旱面积次之,春季和冬季中旱面积相当,只是冬季中旱日数略多于春季。(4)大部分站点年均干旱日数达40—60天,达70天以上的只有两个站,40天以下的有10个站。(5)综合气象干旱指数(MCI)的最小值(即干旱最强)达到重旱的有1站次,出现在富宁县的木央镇;达到中旱的有93站次,全州各县(市)都有分布。(6)这10年中,旱灾较为严重的是文山市北部、砚山县西部和南部、丘北县西南部、广南县西北部和东南部、富宁县南部。
This article uses the meteorological element data of 99 regional automatic stations and national meteorological stations over the past decade from 2012 to 2021,calculates the daily Meteorological Drought Comprehensive Index(MCI)index of each station,and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought in Wenshan Prefecture.The calculation results show:(1)Wenshan Prefecture experiences varying degrees of mild and moderate droughts every month,with fewer severe droughts and no occurrence of extreme droughts.(2)The most significant period of mild drought in Wenshan Prefecture is in December,followed by November and October.From October to December,almost all stations in the state experienced mild drought,and the stations with the highest number of days of mild drought were over half a month.(3)The seasonal characteristics of light drought in Wenshan Prefecture are:the number of light drought days in autumn is the highest,and the distribution area is the widest,with the most obvious being Wenshan,Yanshan,and Malipo.Secondly,the number of light drought days at each station in winter is one-third less than that in autumn,and some even decrease by about half;There are fewer in spring,and the least in summer.The situation of moderate drought and mild drought is the same,with the highest number of moderate drought days and the widest distribution area in autumn throughout the four seasons,with the most obvious being in Qiubei,Guangnan,Yanshan,and Xichou.The area of moderate drought in summer is secondary,and the area of moderate drought in spring and winter is equivalent,but the number of moderate drought days in winter is slightly more than that in spring.(4)Most stations have an average annual dry day of 40-60 days,with only two stations exceeding 70 days and 10 stations below 40 days.(5)The minimum value of Comprehensive Meteorological Drought Index(MCI)(i.e.the strongest drought)reached severe drought at 1 station,appearing in Muyang Town,Funing;There are 93 stations with moderate drought,distributed in all counties(cities)of the state.(6)In the past 10 years,the drought has been more serious in the north of Wenshan,the west and south of Yanshan,the southwest of Qiubei,the nouthwest and southeast of Guangnan,and the south of Funing.
作者
王郦
张蕾
高月忠
WANG Li;ZHANG Lei;GAO Yue-zhong(Wenshan Meteorological Bureau,Wenshan 663000,Yunnan,China;Dali Meteorological Bureau,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China)
出处
《云南地理环境研究》
2023年第4期73-78,共6页
Yunnan Geographic Environment Research
基金
云南省气象局2022年科研项目“文山州干旱灾害精细区划与预报预测研究”(YZ202231)。
关键词
文山州
干旱
气象灾害
防灾减灾
Wenshan Prefecture
drought
meteorological disasters
disaster prevention and reduction
作者简介
王郦(1977-),女(壮族),云南省文山市人,高级工程师,研究方向为天气气候;通信作者:高月忠(1977-),男,云南省鹤庆县人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为天气气候.
