摘要
【目的】研究玉米受旱前后的果穗性状变化与产量及抗旱性的关系,为玉米耐旱性精准鉴定和玉米抗旱育种供理论依据。【方法】在大田滴灌条件下,设置6个欠量灌水处理,各处理首次灌水均为675 m^(3)/hm^(2),以确保出苗。拔节-成熟期间灌水7次,6个处理每次的灌水量分别为675(100%)、540(80%)、405(60%)、270(40%)、135(20%)、0(0%)m^(3)/hm^(2)。测定不同水分处理下12个玉米杂交种的单穗重、总穗数、穗粒数、百粒重、行粒数、穗长、穗粗、秃尖、穗行数等9个果穗性状,分析果穗性状随灌水量的变化趋势。【结果】灌水量540 m^(3)/hm^(2)(80%)处理与充分灌溉675 m^(3)/hm^(2)(100%)相比,12个品种的单穗重增减幅度为-7.0%~3.1%,平均增减1.8%;随着灌水量进一步减少,玉米的单穗重、总穗数、穗粒数、百粒重、行粒数、穗长、穗粗呈现递减趋势,秃尖呈增加趋势,而穗行数的变化趋势不明显;干旱的敏感程度从大到小顺序为单穗重、秃尖、穗粒数、行粒数、穗长、总穗数、百粒重、穗粗和穗行数。【结论】在轻度干旱(缺水20%以内)条件下,玉米杂交种产量轻微下降;在中度干旱(节水40%~60%)条件下,单穗重、秃尖、穗粒数和行粒数可作为抗旱性鉴定的重要指标;在重度干旱条件下(缺水80%以上),穗长、百粒重、总穗数和穗粗可作为玉米极端抗旱性鉴定的辅助指标。
【Objective】To study the relationship between corn ear traits before and after drought,yield and drought resistance in the hope of providing theoretical basis for accurate identification of corn drought tolerance and corn drought resistance breeding.【Methods】Under the field drip irrigation conditions,six undervolume irrigation treatments were set up and the first irrigation for each treatment was 675 m^(3)/hm^(2)to ensure the emergence of seedlings.Water was irrigated 7 times from jointing to maturity,and the irrigation volume for each of the 6 treatments was 675(100%),540(80%),405(60%),270(40%),135(20%)and 0(0%)m^(3)/hm^(2).9 ear traits of 12 maize hybrids under different water treatments were measured,and the change trend of ear traits with irrigation amount was studied.【Results】Treatment with irrigation of 540 m^(3)/hm^(2)(80%)compared with full irrigation of 675 m^(3)/hm^(2)(100%),the single ear weight(SEW)of 12 hybrids increased or decreased from-7.0%to 3.1%,with an average increase or decrease of 1.8%,indicating that a 20%reduction in irrigation volume has little effect on yield;as the irrigation volume further decreased,corn single ear weight(SEW),total number of ears(TNE),grain number per ear(GNE),hundred grain weight(GHW),kernel numbers per row(KNR),ear length(EL),and ear diameter(ED)showed a decreasing trend,the bare tip length(BTL)showed an increasing trend,while the change trend of kernel rows per ear(KRE)was not obvious;the order of sensitivity to drought was as follows:SEW,BTL,GNE,KNR,EL,TNE,GHW,ED and KRE.【Conclusion】Under mild drought conditions(within 20%water shortage),the yield of corn hybrids decrease slightly;under moderate drought conditions(water saving 40%-60%),SEW,BTL,GNE and KNR can be used as important indexes for drought resistance identification;under severe drought conditions(more than 80%water shortage),EL,HGW,TNE and ED can be used as auxiliary indicators for the identification of extreme drought resistance of maize.
作者
谢小清
唐怀君
张磊
孙宝成
刘成
XIE Xiaoqing;TANG Huaijun;ZHANG Lei;SUN Baocheng;LIU Cheng(Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2412-2418,共7页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200703)
江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室开放课题(PL202002)。
关键词
玉米
欠量灌水
果穗性状
抗旱鉴定
maize
shortage irrigation
ear traits
drought resistance identification
作者简介
谢小清(1987-),女,新疆尉犁人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为粮食作物抗逆,(E-mail)472030054@qq.com;通信作者:刘成(1968-),女,甘肃酒泉人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为粮食作物抗逆,(E-mail)liuchengxj@126.com。
