摘要
目的:通过对比跳高运动员足弓刚度对单腿纵跳成绩的影响,为跳高运动员选材及专项训练提供理论依据。方法:招募15名男性国家二级跳高运动员,对受试者足部形态进行红外光学扫描,采用红外运动捕捉系统和测力台同步采集受试者纵跳动作的下肢运动学和动力学数据。结果:在纵跳表现中,足弓刚度与地面反作用力峰值间存在线性关系,高刚度足弓受试者的峰值vGRF显著大于低刚度足弓的受试者(P<0.05),高刚度足弓组冲击加载率为15.2BW/s±1.8BW/s,低刚度足弓组地面反作用力加载率为12.3BW/s±0.9BW/s,且存在显著差异(P<0.05)。同时,高刚度足弓组的峰值vGRF时刻踝屈角度(21.24°±4.4°)显著性高于低刚度足弓组的峰值vGRF时刻踝屈角度(24.43°±3.6°),P<0.05。结论:在优秀跳高运动员中,足弓刚度与纵跳过程中的踝膝关节屈伸角度、地面反作用力及加载率有显著影响,且与地面反作用力峰值间存在显著正向线性关系。因此,在跳跃类项目我们应该关注运动员足底肌肉力量训练。在描述跳跃过程中的足部及其生物力学特征时,使用静态足部分类值得纳入考量。
Objective:To provide a theoretical basis for selecting and training high jumpers by comparing the effect of arch stiffness on the performance of single-leg long jump in high jumpers.METHODS:Fifteen male national level II high jumpers were recruited,and the infrared optics scanned their foot morphology,and the infrared motion capture system and dynamometer were used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data of the lower limbs of the subjects'long jump movements simultaneously.RESULTS:In the long jump performance,there was a linear relationship between arch stiffness and peak ground reaction force,with the peak vGRF significantly greater in subjects with high stiffness arches than in those with low stiffness arches(P<0.05).The impact loading rate was 15.2±1.8 BW/s in the high stiffness group and the ground reaction force loading rate was 12.3 in the low stiffness group±o.9BW/s,and there was a significant difference(P<0.05).Also,the ankle flexion angle at the moment of peak vGRF was significantly higher in the high stiffness arch group(21.24±4.4°)than in the low stiffness arch group(24.43±3.6°),P<0.05.CONCLUSION:In good high jumpers,arch stiffness was associated with ankle and knee joint flexion angle during the long jump.There was a significant effect of flexion-extension angle,ground reaction force and loading rate and a significant positive linear relationship with the peak ground reaction force.Therefore,we should focus on plantar muscle strength training in jumping events.The use of a static foot part category is worthy of consideration when de-scribing the foot and its biomechanical characteristics during jumping.
作者
黄涛
但林飞
吴佩琦
刘鑫
王维蕊
任家锐
李建设
HUANG Tao;DAN Lin-fei;WU Pei-qi;LIU Xing;WANG Wei-xin;REN Jia-rui;LI Jian-she(Faculty of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)
出处
《浙江体育科学》
2023年第6期89-95,共7页
Zhejiang Sport Science
作者简介
黄涛(1998-),男,浙江杭州人,硕士研究生,研究方向:运动生物力学。
