摘要
发端于网络技术滥用的网络暴力现象,严重侵犯公民人格权益和正常网络秩序,刑法应予以严惩。网络暴力有别于传统刑法中的暴力,具有技术性、独立性、危害性、类型性等特征。网络暴力犯罪是一类相对特定的新型网络犯罪,基于相对的罪刑法定原则、刑事违法性的相对独立性与依附性、技术的中立性及相对化,可与网络暴力违法行为相互区分。网络暴力犯罪本质上主要是违反“网络秩序型”犯罪,以侵犯网络空间社会秩序为主要客体、以侵犯公民人格权益等为次要客体,但在应然上是“独立型”网络犯罪。《关于依法惩治网络暴力违法犯罪的指导意见》倚重并运用了扩张解释路径,以此解决规范供给与立法原意不足等。在具体适用上,应注意“技术用语”的内涵模糊、网络暴力行为的成立条件不明、“情节严重”的认定规则缺乏操作性等问题。针对网络暴力犯罪,应统筹处理好扩张解释与立法修正的取舍、积极刑法立法规制与其他规制路径的兼顾等问题;并适时启动立法修正,既包括修正已有罪名,也包括增设新的罪名。此外,积极推进制定《中华人民共和国反网络暴力法》也是题中之义。
The online violence originating from the abuse of network technology seriously infringes on citizens’personal rights and normal network order should be severely punished by criminal law.Cyber violence is different from traditional violence,with characteristics such as technicality,independence,detriment and typfication..Based on the principle of the relativity of criminal illegality,the neutrality and relativity of technology,the mutual distinction between online violence and illegal behavior can be included.Cyber violent crimes mainly violate the“network order”,with infringement of cyber social order and citizens’personal rights and interests as the main and secondary objects.The Guiding Opinionsfully relies on and utilizes an expanded interpretation path,but there are also issues such as unclear connotations of“technical terms”,unclear conditions of online violence,and lack of operational rules for determining“serious circumstances”.Legislation amendments should be initiated timely,so as to address distinction between expanded interpretations and legislative amendments,and equal emphasis on active criminal law legislative regulation and other regulatory paths.The content of legislation includes both amending existing charges and adding new ones.In addition,actively promoting the formulation of the Anti Cyber Violence Law is necessary.
出处
《中国应用法学》
CSSCI
2023年第5期76-85,共10页
China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence
基金
中国政法大学“青年拔尖人才”(2023-2025)项目资助
2023年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“数据要素的刑法规制研究”(项目编号:[GJ2023D19])的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
网络暴力
网络暴力犯罪
规范分析
扩张解释
立法完善
cyber violence
cyber violent crimes
normative analysis
expansion explanation
legislative improvement
作者简介
孙道萃,中国政法大学国家法律援助研究院副教授,中国刑法学研究会副秘书长。
