摘要
目的 “年龄”和“流动性”为流动老年人口健康带来了风险,本文旨在分析流动老年人口自评健康状况性别差异,以及性别差异之外的影响因素,并提出关于老年流动人口健康改善的建议。方法 选取2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据库中年龄≥60岁的5 536名流动人口为研究对象,采用基于logistic回归模型的Fairlie分解法分析流动人口健康状况存在的性别差异。结果 流动老年男性自评健康比率为84.94%,高于老年女性的77.93%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=44.18,P<0.001)。Logistic回归显示,受教育程度(初中、高中/中专)、农业户口、≥10年流动时长、近1年患病情况、流入区域(西部及东北)和较高收入水平是流动老年男性和女性自评健康的共同影响因素;专科以上受教育程度(OR=2.645、4.581,95%CI:1.396~5.012、1.839~11.409)和中等及高收入水平(OR=1.611、1.425、2.283,95%CI:1.146~2.264、1.042~1.949、1.437~3.626)是影响流动老年男性自评健康的保护因素,流动时长(OR=0.648、0.581,95%CI:0.474~0.887、0.431~0.783)是影响流动老年男性的危险因素,就业身份(雇主OR=0.296,95%CI:0.125~0.701,其他OR=0.195, 95%CI:0.099~0.386)成为影响流动老年女性的危险因素。Fairlie分解结果显示,流动老年人自评健康状况存在性别差异,其中52.90%是由可观测因素造成的。结论 我国流动老年男性对自身健康状况的评价高于女性。应提高流动老年女性健康教育的投入与宣传,引导其养成健康的生活习惯和生活方式,有助于缩小性别差异,促进流动老年人口的健康公平。
Objective To analyze the gender differences in the self-rated health status of the floating elderly population as well as the influencing factors beyond the gender differences, to put forward suggestions on the health improvement of the elderly floating population. Methods In total 5 536 floating elderly people aged more than 60 years old in the national floating population dynamic monitoring survey database in 2018 were selected as the research subjects. The Fairlie decomposition method based on Logistic regression model was used to analyze the gender differences in the health status of floating population. Results The self-rated health rate of floating elderly men (84.94%) was higher than that of elderly women (77.93%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=44.18, P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that education (junior high school, senior high school / technical secondary school), agricultural residential registry (hukou), ≥ 10 years of mobility, illness in the past year, inflow areas (west and northeast), and higher income levels were common influencing factors of self-rated health of floating elderly men and women. College education level (OR=2.645/4.581, 95%CI:1.396-5.012/1.839-11.409) and middle- and high-income level (OR=1.611/1.425/2.283, 95%CI: 1.146-2.264/1.042-1.949/1.437-3.626) were protective factors affecting the self-rated health of floating elderly men. Floating duration (OR=0.648/0.581, 95%CI: 0.474-0.887/0.431-0.783) was a risk factor affecting floating elderly men, and employment status (employer: OR=0.296, 95%CI: 0.125-0.701;other: OR=0.195, 95%CI: 0.099-0.386) was a risk factor affecting floating elderly women. The results of Fairlie decomposition showed that there were gender differences in the self-rated health status of the floating elderly, of which 52.90% were caused by observable factors. Conclusion The evaluation of self-health status of floating elderly men in China is higher than that of women. We should increase the investment and publicity of health education for floating elderly women and guide them to develop healthy living habits and lifestyles, which will help narrow gender differences and promote the health equity of the floating elderly population.
作者
锁忠花
邵丽娜
孙晓桐
郎颖
SUO Zhong-hua;SHAO Li-na;SUN Xiao-tong;LANG Ying(School of Humanities and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750004,China)
出处
《现代预防医学》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第19期3464-3469,共6页
Modern Preventive Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72164033)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03210)。
关键词
流动老年人口
自评健康状况
性别差异
Fairlie分解法
Floating elderly population
Self-rated health status
Gender difference
Fairlie decomposition method
作者简介
锁忠花(1999-),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生管理;通信作者:郎颖,E-mail:1072861385@qq.com。
