摘要
前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤对运动员来说是一种常见的运动损伤,常发生于运动中突然变速、转向以及外来暴力等,前交叉韧带损伤对个人的日常生活和运动能力有非常大的影响。目前,前交叉韧带损伤的治疗主要包括保守治疗和手术治疗,保守治疗用于韧带轻微损伤的情况,若前交叉韧带完全或大部分断裂,则首选手术治疗。前交叉韧带重建术作为前交叉韧带断裂治疗的金标准,其术后往往会出现一系列的功能障碍,如疼痛、运动功能障碍、本体感觉功能障碍等。该文通过查阅大量文献,发现康复干预时机十分重要,有效的术前康复干预可以及时避免膝关节功能障碍进一步加重。前交叉韧带重建术后的康复训练方法主要包括被动康复训练和主动康复训练,其中被动康复训练手段包括支具或辅助器具保护、神经肌肉电刺激、推拿手法结合关节松动术、持续性关节被动活动训练,主动康复训练手段包括股四头肌的等长收缩练习、开链运动(OKC)和闭链运动(CKC)、本体感觉训练以及重返运动,在治疗过程中,患者会表现出各种情绪障碍,如焦虑、恐惧、担忧等,但康复是一个循序渐进、日积月累的过程,短时期内很难看到明显的效果。因此,在治疗过程中应贯穿心理康复干预,对患者进行疏导,以缓解或消除患者的心理问题,促进其人格向健康、协调的方向发展,使患者更好地回归生活以及重返赛场。
The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury is a very common sports injury,which often occurs in sudden shifts,turns and external violence during exercise,and ACL injuries have a great impact on personal daily life and athletic ability.At present,the treatment of ACL injuries mainly includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment.Conservative treatment is used for minor ligament injuries,and surgical treatment is preferred if the ACL is completely or largely ruptured.ACL reconstruction is the gold standard for ACL rupture treatment,and a series of functional disorders often occur after it,such as pain,motor dysfunction and proprioceptive dysfunction.Through reviewing a large number of literature,this paper finds that the timing of rehabilitation intervention is very important,and that effective preoperative rehabilitation intervention can timely avoid further aggravation of knee dysfunction.Rehabilitation training methods after ACL reconstruction mainly include passive rehabilitation training and active rehabilitation training,among which passive rehabilitation training means include support or assistive device protection,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,massage manipulation combined with joint mobilization and continuous passive joint activity training,and active rehabilitation training means include isometric quadriceps contraction exercises,open kinetic chain(OKC),closed kinetic chain(CKC),proprioceptive training and return-to-exercise.Patients will show various emotional disorders in the treatment process such as anxiety,fear and worry,but rehabilitation is a gradual and cumulative process,and it is difficult to see obvious results in a short period of time.Therefore,psychological rehabilitation intervention should be run through the treatment process,and patients should be counseled to alleviate and eliminate their psychological problems,promote the development of their personality in the healthy and coordinated direction,and enable them to better return to life and return to the field.
作者
龙怡凡
李迎红
邹捷粮
文业千
郑博今
LONG Yifan;LI Yinghong;ZOU Jieiang;WEN Yeqian;ZHENG Bojin(Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,Hunan Province,412007 China;The Affiliated Primary School to Zhuzhou No.2 High School,Zhuzhou,Hunan Province,412007 China)
出处
《当代体育科技》
2023年第28期15-20,30,共7页
Contemporary Sports Technology
关键词
前交叉韧带(ACL)康复疗效
康复干预
前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练
Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)
Rehabilitation effect
Rehabilitation intervention
Rehabilitation training after ACL reconstruction
作者简介
龙怡凡(1999-),女,硕士在读,康复治疗师,研究方向为运动损伤与康复;邹捷粮(1998-),女,硕士在读,康复治疗师,研究方向为腰腿痛运动康复及青少年近视防控;通信作者:李迎红(1978-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为颈肩腰腿痛运动康复及近视防控研究,E-mail:67287545@qq.com。
