摘要
味觉是动物最重要的生理感觉之一。动物有五种基本味觉形式帮助其选择不同的食物,其中甜味和鲜味受体由Tas1r基因家族编码,分别能够帮助动物识别和摄取碳水化合物和氨基酸,对于绝大多数动物的生存至关重要。最近的基因组学和分子生物学研究表明,脊椎动物的Tas1r基因演化历程复杂,其基因数目和蛋白功能在不同类群中存在明显差异。Tas1r基因起源于软骨鱼(Chondrichthyes),在辐鳍鱼(Actinopterygii)中发生扩张,辐鳍鱼的Tas1r2/Tas1r3二聚体能够感知甜味和鲜味。在两栖类、爬行类和哺乳类中主要有3个Tas1r家族成员,Tas1r1/Tas1r3二聚体和Tas1r2/Tas1r3二聚体分别感知鲜味和甜味;在鸟类中,其早期的演化就丢失了Tas1r2,但是部分鸟类的Tas1r1/Tas1r3发生功能创新,能够同时感知甜味和鲜味。本文综合了Tas1r基因演化的相关研究进展,梳理了脊椎动物Tas1r基因家族的起源、演化和功能创新,有利于更深入地理解食物偏好在物种演化进程中的作用,为未来的相关研究指明方向。
Taste is one of the most important physiological senses in animals.Vertebrates generally have five basic taste forms that assist in the selection of food.Among them,the sweet and umami receptors are encoded by the Taslr gene family,which can help anmimals identify and absorb dietary carbohydrates and amino acids,respectively,and are crucial for the survival of most animals.Recent studies in genomics and molecular biology have shown that the evolution of Taslr gene family in vertebrates is complex,and its gene number and protein function are significantly different among distinct animal clades.The Taslr gene family originated from Chondrichthyes and expanded via duplication in Actinopterygi.The dimer of Taslr2/Taslr3 can sense both sweet and umami compounds in Actinopterygi.In amphibians,reptiles and mammals,Taslrl/Taslr3 and Taslr2/Taslr3 dimers can sense umami compounds and sweet compounds,respectively.Notably,Taslr2 gene was lost in all birds,suggestive of the loss of sweet taste in early evolution of birds.However,some birds have undergone functional innovation in the dimer of Tasrl/Taslr3,which can perceive both sweetness and umami simultaneously.This article summarized the relevant research progress on the evolution of the Taslr gene,and sorted out the origin,evolution,and functional innovation of the Taslr gene family,which can help to gain a deeper understanding of the role of food preference in species evolution and point out the direction for future related research.
作者
王瑞琪
李映灿
焦恒武
赵华斌
WANG Ruiqi;LI Yingcan;JIAO Hengwu;ZHAO Huabin(College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan,430072;School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079)
出处
《基因组学与应用生物学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期563-572,共10页
Genomics and Applied Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32270436)资助。
作者简介
通信作者:赵华斌,huabinzhao@whu.edu.cn。
