摘要
为了弄清三亚短时强降水的时空分布特征,利用三亚2009—2021年1个国家级地面气象站及18个加密地面观测站的逐小时和日降水数据以及哈德莱中心月平均海表温度资料,采用空间插值、经验正交函数分解、线性统计分析及相关性分析等方法,对三亚短时强降水的时空变化特征、短时强降水与暴雨的关系进行了分析,揭示其变化规律.结果表明:三亚短时强降水呈北多南少和东多西少的空间分布特征;EOF分解得到三亚短时强降水呈现全区一致和东西差异两种典型的空间分布模态,华南沿海海温异常是影响全区一致性降水模态的重要因子;短时强降水年平均出现站次为19.1,76.33%的短时强降水集中在16.0~30.0 mm·h^(-1),短时强降水月变化呈双峰结构,峰值出现在7月份和9月份,87.32%的短时强降水出现在4~10月份;日变化的双峰结构明显,多发时段为04~05时、07~08时及16~17时;月平均短时强降水为26.6 mm·h^(-1),极端小时降水为107.4 mm·h^(-1),极端小时降水多由强对流系统引起.83.34%的暴雨过程伴有短时强降水,两者呈显著性正相关,短时强降水对暴雨总量的贡献为58.87%,对年降水总量的贡献为32.30%.
BIn the report,based on the hourly and daily precipitation data of national meteorological station and densified ground observation stations in Sanya,and sea surface temperature(SST)of Hadley Center in Eng-land,and the spatial interpolation,Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF),linear statistics and correlation anal-ysis were used to analyze the climatic characteristics of short-time severe precipitation and the relationship be-tween short-time severe rainfall and rainstorm.The results showed that there are more short-time severe precipi-tation occurrences in northern and eastern regions in Sanya than that in the western and southern regions in San-ya;there are two typical spatial distribution modes of short-time severe precipitation,which is named the first EOF mode and the second mode respectively,the first one shows the spatial distribution pattern of the consistent change of short-time severe precipitation in the whole city,while the second mode reflects the reverse change of short-time severe precipitation in the eastern and western in Sanya,and SST anomaly in the coast of South China is the key factor affecting the consistent short-time severe precipitation in Sanya;the annual average number of short-time severe precipitation is 19.1,76.33%of short-time precipitation is concentrated at 16.0~30.0 mm·h^(-1),the monthly variation of short-time severe precipitation show a bimodal structure,and there are peak ap-peared in July and September,and 87.32%of the short-time severe precipitation occur from April to October;the bimodal structure of daily variation is obvious,and the multiple periods are 04~05 am,07~08 am,and 16~17 pm;the monthly average short-time severe precipitation is 26.6 mm·h^(-1),and the extreme hour precipita-tion is 107.4 mm·h^(-1),the extreme hour precipitation is mostly caused by the influence of strong convective sys-tem.83.34%of the rainstorm process was accompanied by short-time severe precipitation,which were signifi-cantly positively correlated,the short-time severe precipitation accounted for 58.87%of the total rainstorm,and 32.30%of the annual precipitation.
作者
张日晶
朱梅
方勉
Zhang Rijing;Zhu Mei;Fang Mian(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203,China;Sanya Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province,Sanya 572000,China)
出处
《海南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2023年第3期285-292,共8页
Natural Science Journal of Hainan University
基金
海南省气象业务提升项目(hnqxSJ202127)。
关键词
短时强降水
时空分布
三亚
Sanya
short-time severe precipitation
spatiotemporal distribution
作者简介
张日晶(1994-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布人,海南省三亚市气象局助理工程师,研究方向:雷达卫星保障与数据处理分析研究,E⁃mail:295294836@qq.com;通信作者:朱梅(1988-),女,陕西渭南人,海南省三亚市气象局高级工程师,研究方向:气候资源利用与评价及相关工作研究,E⁃mail:894855279@qq.com。
