摘要
金花茶被誉为“茶族皇后”,是我国一级保护植物,兼具观赏和药食用价值。对金花茶的种子繁育、杂交繁育、组培繁育、扦插繁育、嫁接繁育和空中压条繁育等繁育技术进行了评价,结果表明:种子繁育不适用于大量培育金花茶种苗;杂交繁育的育种时间较长,过程较复杂,而且会出现性状分离,也不利于金花茶种苗的快速繁育;组培繁育虽然面临污染、增殖系数低和生根率低等问题,但是可通过选择合适的外植体和培养基,以及添加生长调节剂来提高繁育质量和效率;扦插繁殖虽然操作简单,可以快速获得大量金花茶种苗,但是存在成活率低、生根困难和容易损伤母体植株等问题;嫁接繁育具有操作简单,提早开花结实、增强抗性等优点,但是存在成活率和苗木品质低等问题,还需要考虑到嫁接时间、砧木和接穗的选择以及品种之间的亲和力等因素;空中压条繁殖方法虽然方法简单,容易操作,但是很容易损伤母体植株,也不建议采用空中压条法进行大量繁殖金花茶苗木。为此,组织培养是实现金花茶人工快繁的有效途径。从有性繁殖和无性繁殖2方面提出了未来金花茶资源培育的发展方向。为金花茶的资源保护、繁育技术与综合利用提供参考。
Camellia nitidissima is known as"the Queen of Camellia"and is the first-class protected plant in China,with both ornamental and medicinal value.This paper evaluates the seed breeding,hybrid breeding,tissue culture breeding,cutting breeding,grafting breeding,and aerial layering breeding techniques of Camellia nitidissima.Seed breeding is not suitable for large-scale cultivation of Camellia nitidissima seedlings;The breeding process of hybrid breeding is longer and the process is more complicated.There may be character segregation,which is not conducive to the rapid breeding of Camellia nitidissima seedlings;Although tissue culture breeding faces problems such as pollution,low value-added coefficient,and low rooting rate.The quality and efficiency of breeding can be improved by selecting suitable explants and culture media,as well as adding growth regulators;Although cuttage propagation is easy to operate and can quickly obtain a large number of Camellia seedlings,it has problems such as low survival rate,difficulty in rooting,and easy damage to the mother plant;Grafting breeding has the advantages of simple operation,early flowering and fruiting,and enhanced resistance.However,there are problems with low survival rate and seedling quality,and factors such as grafting time,selection of rootstocks and scions,and compatibility between varieties need to be considered;Although the method of aerial layering propagation is simple and easy to operate,it can easily damage the mother plant.It is also not recommended to use aerial layering method for mass propagation of Camellia nitidissima seedlings,and the key technologies involved are summarized.Secondly,this paper also explores the suitable methods for rapid propagation of Camellia nitidissima seedlings,and clarifies that tissue culture is an effective way to achieve artificial rapid propagation of Camellia nitidissima.Finally,this paper puts forward the development direction of Camellia nitidissima resources cultivation in the future from sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.This paper will provide a reference for the resource protection,breeding techniques,and comprehensive utilization of Camellia nitidissima.
作者
何凯明
罗芸
He Kaiming;Luo Yun(Golden Camellia Park of Nanning,Nanning,Guangxi 530022,China;Nanning Qingxiushan Tourism Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530031,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2023年第13期214-218,223,共6页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
关键词
金花茶
种子繁育
杂交繁育
组培繁育
扦插繁育
嫁接繁育
空中压条繁育
Camellia nitidissima
seed breeding
hybrid breeding
tissue breeding
cuttingbreeding
grafting breeding
air layering breeding
作者简介
何凯明(1979-),男,工程师,主要从事公园绿化景观植物养护,茶科植物育种、引种繁殖研究;通讯作者:罗芸(1979-),女,硕士,副高级工程师,主要从事植物景观及花卉展示研究。
