摘要
本试验旨在探究小肽对围产期奶牛瘤胃发酵功能及初乳品质的影响。选取12头同一胎次、生产日期相同且体重相近的围产期奶牛,随机分为对照组(饲喂常规饲粮)和小肽组(在饲喂常规饲粮的基础上按每头每天补饲100 g小肽),每组6头。试验从产前15 d开始至产后3 d结束,并于试验最后1 d采集瘤胃液及初乳样品,测定瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃菌群以及初乳品质。结果显示:与对照组相比,小肽显著提高瘤胃液中乙酸、丁酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸含量(P <0.05),对pH及氨态氮、微生物蛋白、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,小肽组奶牛瘤胃菌群α-多样性指数中ACE指数显著升高(P<0.05),普氏菌属(Prevotella)、沙特尔沃思菌属(Shuttleworthia)、乙酸肠菌属(Acetitomaculum)、产乙酸糖发酵菌属(Saccharofermentans)、丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)以及琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),同时瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、理研菌属(Rikenella)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)和月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,小肽组初乳中乳脂率显著提高(P<0.05),但乳蛋白率、乳糖率以及生物活性物质如乳铁蛋白、乳球蛋白、乳清蛋白和酪蛋白的含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上可知,本试验条件下,给围产期奶牛补饲小肽后,小肽可通过改善瘤胃菌群结构、提高瘤胃发酵功能来提高初乳中脂肪含量。
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of small peptide on the rumen fermentability and colostrum quality of perinatal dairy cows.Twelve healthy perinatal dairy cows with the similar parity,birth time and body weight were selected and randomly allotted into control group(fed the conventional diet)and small peptide group(fed the conventional diet,and supplemented with 100 g small peptide per day per cow),and each group had 6 cows.The trial lasted from the 15th before farrowing to the 3rd day after farrowing,fol⁃lowed by the collection of rumen fluid and colostrum at the last day of the trial.Rumen fermentation parame⁃ters,rumen bacterial communities and colostrum quality were following measured.The results showed that,compared with the control group,small peptide significantly increased the contents of acetate,butyrate and to⁃tal volatile fatty acids(P<0.05),however,it had no significant effects on pH,and the contents of ammonia nitrogen,microprotein,propionate,isobutyrate,valetate and isovaletate(P>0.05).Further,the ACE index,one ofα⁃diversity indexes of bacterial community,in small peptide group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05),and meanwhile,the relative abundances of Prevotella,Shuttleworthia,Acetitomaculum,Saccharofermentans,Butyrivibrio,Lachnospira,Bifidobacterium and Succinivibrio were sig⁃nificantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Ruminococcus,Rikenella,Ruminococcus,Pseudobutyrivibrio and Selenomonas were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,milk fat percentage showed a significant enhancement in small peptide group,but no significant changes were observed in the milk protein percentage,milk lactose percentage and bio⁃active substances such as lacto⁃ferrin,lactoglobulin,lactalbumin and casein(P>0.05).In conclusion,under the condition of this experi⁃ment,after feeding perinatal dairy cows with small peptide,the small peptide can increase the fat content in co⁃lostrum through improving the rumen bacterial community structure and promoting the rumen fermentability.
作者
刘丽平
张志立
薛夫光
杜传来
LIU Liping;ZHANG Zhili;XUE Fuguang;DU Chuanlai(Anhui Science and Technology University,Chuzhou 233100,China;Modern Farming(Wuhe)Co.,Ltd.,Bengbu 233300,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety in Nanchang,College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期5191-5199,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
安徽省农业推广转化项目(12040302012)。
关键词
小肽
围产期奶牛
初乳
瘤胃微生物
乳品质
small peptide
perinatal dairy cows
colostrum
rumen microbiome
milk quality
作者简介
刘丽平(1985—),女,安徽蚌埠人,助理工程师,硕士,研究方向为乳制品加工与检测。E⁃mail:578884218@qq.com;通信作者:杜传来,教授,硕士生导师,E⁃mail:1017921563@qq.com。
