摘要
草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)是蔷薇科多年生草本植物。因为草莓具有独特的风味和丰富的营养价值而深受人们喜爱。根据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)2018年的统计数据显示,中国的草莓栽培面积达到173 333 hm~2。随着设施栽培技术的推广和应用,我国目前成为世界主要的草莓生产国和出口国。草莓产业发展迅速,草莓栽培生产具有附加值高的特点,在我国被誉为“小草莓、大产业”。但草莓在设施栽培过程中很容易受到真菌病害的感染,造成减产,这一问题限制了草莓产业的发展。常见的危害草莓的真菌病害主要有:炭疽病、灰霉病、白粉病、枯萎病等。其中,由Colletotrichum spp.引起的草莓炭疽病是危害草莓生产的主要病害,其能够感染草莓的根、叶柄、叶片、花、果实和匍匐茎等各个器官,造成根腐,叶斑,果实腐烂和繁殖力下降等一系列的症状。由于草莓炭疽菌是一种土壤传播病害,因此在生产中防治相对困难。本文详细阐述了目前已经分离出的23个不同的Colletotrichum spp.的分类情况,及菌丝和孢子的形态学特征和生物学特性的研究进展;介绍了田间侵染草莓的不同部位的发病症状情况;分析了草莓炭疽病的致病因子、病害流行规律,以及该病在全球范围内的发生与分布情况;并且从农业防治、化学防治和生物防治的角度,综合阐述了目前对草莓炭疽病的防治方法,为草莓抗病栽培提供参考。
Strawberry(Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a perennial herb of the Rosaceae family.Strawberry is popular because of their unique flavour and rich nutritional value.According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) in 2018,the area of strawberry cultivation in China reached 173 333 hm~2.With the promotion and application of facility cultivation technology,China is now the world's major strawberry producer and exporter.The strawberry industry is developing rapidly,and strawberry cultivation and production are characterised by high added value,which is known as "small strawberry,big industry" in China.However,strawberry is easily infected by fungal diseases in the process of facility cultivation,resulting in yield reduction,which limits the development of the strawberry industry.Common fungal diseases affecting strawberry include anthracnose,grey mould,powdery mildew and wilt.Among them,strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp.is the main disease that harms strawberry production,which can infect various organs such as roots,petioles,leaves,flowers,fruits and stolons of strawberry,causing a series of symptoms such as root rot,leaf spot,fruit rot and reduced fertility.Since strawberry anthracnose is a soil-borne disease,it is relatively difficult to control in production.This paper describes in detail the classification of 23 different isolates of Colletotrichum spp.that have been isolated so far,and the progress of research on the morphological characteristics and biological properties of mycelium and spores;introduces the symptoms of different parts of strawberry infested in the field;analyses the causative factors of strawberry anthracnose,the epidemiological pattern of the disease,and the occurrence and distribution of the disease in the global scale.It also comprehensively describes the current control methods for strawberry anthracnose from the perspective of agricultural control,chemical control and biological control to provide a reference for the cultivation of strawberry disease-resistant cultivation.
作者
王丰
张舒媛
卢洁
马跃
WANG Feng;ZHANG Shu-yuan;LU Jie;MA Yue(College of Plant Protect,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期490-501,共12页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
基金
辽宁省教育厅重点项目(LJKZ0629)
沈阳市科技计划项目-黑土地保护专项(21109308)。
关键词
草莓炭疽病
炭疽菌
分类
危害症状
防治方法
strawberry anthracnose
Colletotrichum spp.
classification
damage symptoms
control methods
作者简介
第一作者:王丰(1981-),男,博士,讲师,从事园艺植物真菌病害防治研究,E-mail:wangfeng@syau.edu.cn;通信作者:马跃(1981-),女,博士,教授,从事果树抗病逆境机制研究,E-mail:yuema@syau.edu.cn。
