摘要
晶态合金在人类发展史上占据了数千年的历史,不过近年来,非晶合金由于具有更高的强度、韧性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和生物兼容性,在生物医学工程领域展现出更广阔的应用前景。然而,由于非晶合金处于亚稳态,热稳定性较差,而纳米结构的引入可以通过原子弛豫降低界面自由能,增强非晶材料的热稳定性,同时可以提高表面与细胞的有效接触面积,增强其生物相容性。因此,纳米结构与非晶材料的结合是解决块体非晶合金(BMG)应用局限性的一种有效方法。综述了BMG和纳米非晶(NG)的特点及其在生物医学中的应用,介绍了NG的优越性能以及主要制备方法,并将合金、BMG和NG在生物医学中的应用做了简单比较,展示了NG在生物医学一些特别领域的独特应用和光明前景。此外,就NG目前遇到的困难挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望。
Crystalline alloys has occupied thousands of years in the history of human development,while metallic glasses exhibit a broader potential of application in the field of biomedical engineering in recent years owing to their higher strength,toughness,corrosion resistance,wear resistance,and biological compatibility.However,metallic glasses are metastable with a poor thermal stability,and this stability can be enhanced via the relaxation of atom configuration in the nanostructure which can also increase the effective contact area between the surface and cells to enhance the biological compatibility of metallic glasses.Therefore,the combination of nanostructures and amorphous materials is a promising way to solve the limitations of bulk metallic glass(BMG).This review introduced nanoglass(NG),an emerging material formed by adding nanostructures on bulk amorphous surfaces and elaborates the characteristics and applications of BMG and NG in biomedical engineering.The preparation methods of NG mainly included inert gas condensation(IGC),electric pulse deposition(EPD),magnetron sputtering(MS)and severe plastic deformation(SPD).Among them,IGC method was the most important method to obtain NG.IGC method was suitable for NG in the form of powders,and the size could be controlled less than 10 nm,while this method probably produced a large number of impurities,defects,etc.EPD method experienced a long history in the electrochemical technology,and was mainly used in the preparation of various metals,alloys and composite materials.EPD method enabled a large-scale mass production of NG,and the size and shape of NG were not influenced during the process.In addition,the cost of EPD method to obtain NG was relatively low with high yield.MS method was one of the most common methods which was used to prepare thin NG film materials such as metals,semiconductors and insulators.The as-prepared thin films via MS method were well-interacted with the substrate,possess high purity,good density and homogeneity,high repeatability of the sputtering process.MS method could obtain a thin film with uniform thickness on a large-area substrate,which was favorable for realizing the industrialization.The rolling deformation is one of the main methods in SPD,and it was suitable for amorphous materials that could obtain large strain at lower temperature and high pressure.SPD method was simple and feasible for the industrialization,which had been applied widely,but it required higher mechanical properties and better plasticity and toughness of the material.Furthermore,the superior properties,leading preparation technologies of NG were presented in this review.The applications in biomedical engineering among alloys,BMG and NG were compared,indicating bright prospects of NG in biomedical applications.In terms of drug delivery,NG was metastable and became unstable in cancer cells especially under acidic conditions,thus rapidly releasing drugs and achieving the purpose of targeted treatment.In healthy organs,the nanostructures in NG block the drug twice,slowing the release of the drug and sparing the healthy organs from damage.For the implants,the nanocrystal patterns on the surface of NG played an important role in the macrophage activity.Appropriate nanopatterns could reduce the response of macrophages to implants and enable the body to adapt to implants earlier.For cardiovascular disease,nano-sized particles in NG could amortize stress which was similar to grain refinement strengthening,and deform uniformly.Thus,NG exhibited good ductility,which were good alternative cardiovascular materials.In the application of antibacterial field,the nano-structure on the surface of NG could largely avoid bacterial adhesion to the cell surface.This unique physical antibacterial property was less harmful to human body than the conventional copper containing antibacterial materials.In wound healing,the high specific surface area of NG could promote the formation of thrombus.In addition,NG combined with a specific ratio of elements applied to the wound could also ensure the optimal ratio of silica to Ca^(2+)required for coagulation.In the perspective,this review discussed the current difficulties and future development directions of NG,such as the removement of toxic elements,improvement of the glass forming ability(GFA),the increase of the critical size,and NG films,etc.In the end,the future of NG was also prospected.
作者
郑航兵
闫梦阳
安蓉
周雪锋
冯涛
兰司
Zheng Hangbing;Yan Mengyang;An Rong;Zhou Xuefeng;Feng Tao;Lan Si(Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;Shenzhen Research Institute,City University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen 518057,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期854-872,共19页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21838004,21978134)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20191289)
深圳市基础研究资助项目(JCYJ20170413140446951)资助。
作者简介
郑航兵(1997-),男,浙江金华人,硕士研究生,研究方向:纳米非晶合金对成骨细胞影响,E-mail:375922754@qq.com;通信作者:兰司,教授,电话:025-84303400,E-mail:lansi@njust.edu.cn。
