摘要
矿产资源的开发形成大量的岩质边坡,水土流失严重,导致矿山地质灾害等一系列生态环境灾难。为制备植物生长性能良好、水土保持能力强且适合高寒地区岩质陡边坡生态修复的生态基材,采用小车边坡模拟试验、多因素正交试验以及高寒山区基地试验,制备不同配比组成的生态护坡基材。为更加符合现场施工过程将基材分为结构层和面层分别开展植生性能研究,通过综合种子的发芽率、植物生长高度评价基材植生性能。极差分析发现:当基材结构层中陶粒和核桃壳颗粒各取7.50 g、谷壳和稻草节分别取2.50 g和1.25 g、聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒(EPS)取0.10 g、土壤改良高次团粒剂(PAM)取1.50 g、保水剂取0.50 g时,基材结构层的植生性能最优;当稻草节取2.50 g、谷壳取7.50 g、EPS取0.30 g、PAM取0.40 g、保水剂取0.20 g时,基材面层的植生性能最优。该结果可为高寒、海拔矿山岩质陡边坡的生态修复及水土保持,提供一种制备工艺简单、植物生长性能优异、水土保持能力强的生态护坡基材,为滇西北高寒岩质边坡的生态环境恢复提供技术支撑。
[Background]The excavation of mineral resources has formed a large number of rock slopes,the rock surface is exposed and severely weathered,with serious soil erosion and inducing a series of ecological and environmental disasters such as geological disasters in mines.Good ecological substrate can well suppress soil erosion and restore the ecological environment.[Methods]In order to prepare an ecological substrate with good plant growth performance,strong soil and water conservation ability and suitable for ecological restoration of rocky steep slopes in alpine regions,the ecological slope protection base materials with different proportions were used by field base experiment,trolley slope simulation test and multi factor orthogonal test.In order to better conform to the on-site construction process,the substrate layer was divided into structural layer and surface layer to carry out plant performance research respectively.Through comprehensive seed germination rate and plant growth,the plantation performance of the substrate was evaluated.[Results]The extremely poor analysis found that when the pottery grains and walnut shell particles in the substrate structure layer were 7.50 g each,the grain husks and straw nodes of 2.50 g and 1.25 g respectively,the EPS of 0.10 g,the soil conditioner PAM of 1.50 g,and the water retention agent took 0.50 g,the plantation performance of the substrate structural layer was the best.The primary and secondary relationship of the influenc on the growth of tall fescue in the structural layer substrate was:ceramsite,walnut shell>soil conditioner PAM>chaff,straw>EPS>water retaining agent.When the straw was 2.50 g,the chaff was 7.50 g,the EPS was 0.30 g,the soil conditioner PAM was 0.40 g,and the water retaing agent was 0.20 g,the planting performance of the substrate surface was the best.The primary and secondary relationship of the influence on the growth of tall fescue in the surface layer substrate was:straw>water retaining agent>chaff>soil conditioner PAM>EPS.[Conclusions]Through the experimental study of the planting performance of ecological slope protection substrates,it provides an ecological slope protection substrate with simple preparation process,excellent plant growth performance andstrong soil and water conservation ability for the ecological restoration and water and soil conservation of rock steep slopes in alpine and altitude mines,and provides technical support for the ecological environment restoration of rock slopes in Northwest Yunnan.
作者
张玉波
邹国富
杨继清
孙熙宁
李欣怡
魏庆喜
雷平
李博林
ZHANG Yubo;ZOU Guofu;YANG Jiqing;SUN Xining;LI Xinyi;WEI Qingxi;LEI Ping;LI Bolin(Faculty of Architecture and Engineering,Yunnan Agricultural University,650500,Kunming,China;Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co.,Ltd.,650051,Kunming,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期132-143,共12页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
校企合作项目“高寒山区高陡边坡植被恢复关键技术研究”(20200618)
云南省教育厅基金项目“滇西北高寒高海拔地区风化岩石边坡生态防护新技术研究”(2021J0123)
云南省科技计划农业联合专项“纳米SiO 2沉积改性剑麻纤维增强水泥基复合材料多尺度界面结构与强韧化机制研究”(202101BD070001118)。
关键词
岩质边坡
生态护坡基材
植生性能
正交设计
边坡模拟
rock slope
ecological slope protection substrate
plant performance
orthogonal design
slope simulation
作者简介
第一作者:张玉波(1988-),男,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:先进工程材料的制备及性能表征。E-mail:zyb9293@163.com;通信作者:杨继清(1979-),男,硕士,副教授。主要研究方向:矿山边坡生态修复机理及其关键技术。E-mail:yjq.98@163.com。
