摘要
探究夏玉米生长季热量资源利用率的时空分布特征,可为夏玉米品种布局调整、保障高产稳产提供理论依据。基于河北省夏玉米主产区15个农业气象观测站1981—2019年逐日气象数据、玉米及后茬轮作小麦的发育期观测数据,利用回归分析及空间插值等方法,分析气候变化背景下夏玉米生长季热量资源利用率时空变化。结果表明,1981—2019年河北省夏玉米潜在生长日数无显著变化、潜在积温显著增加(P<0.05);生长季热量资源利用率显著增加(P<0.05),生长日数利用率从1981年的80.4%提高到2019年的94.5%,积温利用率从1981年的84.5%提高至2019年的94.9%。河北地区夏玉米潜在生长季日数、潜在积温呈现南多北少的空间分布;生长日数利用率及积温利用率整体呈现南低北高的分布特征,其中廊坊地区生长日数利用率及积温利用率均较高(95%以上),邯郸生长日数利用率较低(85%以下)。1981—2019年夏玉米花前积温与花后积温气候倾向率分别为19.6、58.7℃·d·(10 a)^(-1),花后积温的上升速度明显高于花前积温,积温比呈现明显下降趋势,从1981年的1.6下降到2019年的1.1,下降28.5%。研究表明冀南地区夏玉米气候资源利用率仍有一定的提升空间,可以选用生长季更长的中熟和晚熟品种,育种或栽培上可选择灌浆阶段更长的品种,充分利用生长季热量条件,提高玉米产量。
Exploring the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heat resources utilization efficiency of summer maize in growth season could provide theoretical basis for the adjustment of summer maize variety layout and guarantee of a high and stable maize yield.Based on the daily meteorological data of 15 agricultural meteorological observation stations from 1981 to 2019,and the observation data of the growing period of summer maize and wheat in the later crop rotation in Hebei Province,the regression analysis and spatial interpolation methods are used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of heat resources utilization efficiency of summer maize in growth season under climate change.The results show that the potential growing days of summer maize in Hebei Province had no significant change from 1981 to 2019,while the potential accumulated temperature increased significantly(P<0.05).The utilization efficiency of heat resources during growth season increased significantly(P<0.05),the utilization efficiency of growing days increased from 80.4%in 1981 to 94.5%in 2019,and the utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature increased from 84.5%in 1981 to 94.9%in 2019.The potential growing days and accumulated temperature of summer maize were more in the south and less in the north,and the utilization efficiency of growing days and accumulated temperature were lower in the south and higher in the north.There was higher utilization efficiency(more than 95%)of growing days and accumulated temperature in Langfang,while in Handan the utilization efficiency of growing days was lower(less than 85%).The accumulated temperature of summer maize increased at a rate of 19.6℃·d·(10 a)^(-1) before anthesis and 58.7℃·d·(10 a)^(-1) after anthesis.The increase rate of accumulated temperature after anthesis was obviously higher than that before anthesis,and the ratio of accumulated temperature showed an obvious downward trend,it fell 28.5%from 1.6 in 1981 to 1.1 in 2019.The results demonstrate that the utilization efficiency of climate resources of summer maize in the southern Hebei had some space for improvement.The medium and late maturing varieties with a longer growing season could be selected,and the varieties with a longer filling stage could be selected for breeding or cultivation,so as to make full use of the heat conditions in the growing season and improve maize yield.
作者
韩耀杰
彭记永
张溪荷
李树岩
HAN Yaojie;PENG Jiyong;ZHANG Xihe;LI Shuyan(Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003,China;CMA·Henan Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique Key Laboratory,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
出处
《干旱气象》
2023年第4期639-647,共9页
Journal of Arid Meteorology
基金
河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室开放研究基金项目(Z202002Z)资助。
关键词
夏玉米
生长季日数
积温
生长季热量资源利用率
花前花后积温比
summer maize
growing days
accumulated temperature
utilization efficiency of heat resources in growth season
the ratio of accumulated temperature before anthesis to that after anthesis
作者简介
韩耀杰(1992-),硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为农业气候资源利用。E-mail:hanyaojie@aliyun.com;通信作者:李树岩(1979-),正高级工程师,主要从事农业气象灾害评估及作物模型应用研究。E-mail:lsy_126com@126.com。
