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一种新型基于交指电容和微带电感的单层低成本宽带带通滤波器 被引量:2

A Novel Single-Layer Low-Cost Broadband Bandpass Filter Based on Interdigital Capacitors and Microstrip Inductors
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摘要 随着无线通信系统的快速发展,尤其是5G时代的来临,带通滤波器作为射频前端的选频器件被广泛应用于各种系统.近年来,人们对通信的需求日益提升,因此滤波器的小型化、低成本以及高性能等方面的要求成为业内研究的重点.现代工艺技术的发展为带通滤波器的设计提供了多种方法,如使用阶跃阻抗谐振器设计微带带通滤波器、利用互补开环谐振器作为基本谐振单元构造宽带带通滤波器和基于E型双模谐振器设计微带带通滤波器等.然而,这些微带滤波器的尺寸较大,令实现小型化的目标难以实现.由于集总元件具有体积小、成本低、带宽宽、元件间相互作用小等优点,在射频器件设计中发挥着重要作用.相较于基于集成无源器件(Integrated Passive Device,IPD)工艺和低温共烧陶瓷(Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic,LTCC)工艺的带通滤波器,这种单层宽带带通滤波器具有更低的生产成本、更少的损耗限制,以及避免了基于表面贴装器件的成本和制造公差等问题.由于其采用交指电容和微带电感的简单实现方式,该方法所设计的滤波器还具有工艺简单和体积小的优点.基于单层印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)工艺,本文提出了一种新型高选择性宽带带通滤波器.该电路结构对称,由多组对称的串联谐振器构建滤波器通带和带外多零点特性.其中,为了增强阻带的抑制能力和滤波器的频率选择性,添加多对接地的串联谐振器在通带左右两侧各增加一个传输零点,两个传输零点独立控制,互不影响.使用奇偶模分析方法对电路进行分析,以求解传输零点,并给出零点解析式.随后,对带通滤波器的传输零点频率、中心频率、3 dB相对带宽以及品质因数等参数变化进行分析.为了实现小型化和低成本的要求,该电路中的所有集总元件均由交指电容和微带电感实现.交指电容是一种多指周期性结构,具有多个几何变量,如指长、指宽、指间间隙、指端间隙和指数等.这些变量使得交指电容的结构具有较大的自由度,同时也增加了结构优化的难度.同理,微带电感的电感值可通过改变其长度和宽度进行调节.为了验证带通滤波器设计方法的有效性,基于单层PCB工艺,对工作在4.52 GHz的滤波器进行仿真、制造和测量,使用HFSS软件对滤波器整体结构进行优化.所用介质基板为Rogers RO4350B,其相对介电常数为3.66,损耗正切角为0.0037,板厚为1.524 mm.测试结果表明,3 dB相对带宽为38.9%,在中心频率4.52 GHz处插入损耗最小(为1.68 dB),回波损耗优于21.45 dB,谐波抑制水平为7.7~9.4 GHz大于19.6 dB,通带内测试的群时延在0.56~1.2 ns变化.本文展示了一种单层低成本宽带带通滤波器,基于奇偶模电路和解析方程,详细阐述了滤波器的设计原理.该滤波器采用交指电容和微带电感作为集总元件,实现了小型化和低成本.实物测试进一步验证了滤波器的可行性,证明了其性能良好,具有体积小、损耗低、宽频带和选择性好等优点,适用于单层PCB工艺,易于与无线通信系统集成. With the rapid ongoing development of wireless communication systems,and especially with the advent of the 5G era,bandpass filters(BPFs)are being used widely as frequency-selective devices in various systems.In recent years,the demand for communications has been increasing,causing the requirements for miniaturization of filters at low cost and with high performance to become the focus of research in the industry.The development of modern processing technology has provided various methods for BPF design,including microstrip BPF design using stepped impedance resona⁃tors,construction of a broadband BPF by using a complementary split-ring resonator as the basic resonant unit,and mi⁃crostrip BPF design based on an E-shaped dual-mode resonator.However,these microstrip filters are relatively large in size,making it difficult to achieve the miniaturization goal.Lumped elements offer advantages that include small size,low cost,wide bandwidths,and low interaction between components,and these elements play an important role in radio-frequen⁃cy(RF)device design.When compared with BPFs based on integrated passive device(IPD)technology and low-tempera⁃ture co-fired ceramic(LTCC)processing,the single-layer wideband BPF presented here has lower production costs,reduced loss restrictions,and avoids the cost and manufacturing tolerance issues associated with surface mount devices.Because of its simple implementation using interdigital capacitors and microstrip inductors,the proposed filter also offers the advantag⁃es of simple processing and small device size.Based on the single-layer printed circuit board(PCB)fabrication process,this paper proposes a novel high-selectivity wideband BPF.The circuit structure is symmetrical and comprises multiple groups of symmetrical series resonators that construct the passband and produce multiple zeros outside the passband.To enhance the stopband suppression ability and the frequency selectivity of this filter,multiple groups of grounded series resonators are added,which results in the addition of a transmission zero on each side of the passband.These two transmission zeros are controlled independently without af⁃fecting each other.The circuit is analyzed using the even-odd mode analysis method to solve for the transmission zeros and then provide analytical expressions for these transmission zeros.Subsequently,parameters such as the transmission zero fre⁃quency,the center frequency,the 3-dB fractional bandwidth,and the quality factor of the BPF are analyzed.To meet the re⁃quirements for miniaturization and low cost,all lumped elements shown in the schematic are implemented using interdigital capacitors and microstrip inductors.The interdigital capacitor has a multi-finger periodic structure with several geometric variables,including the lengths and widths of the fingers,the sizes of the gaps or spaces between the fingers,and the num⁃ber of fingers used.These variables give each interdigital capacitor a high degree of freedom in its structure,while also in⁃creasing the structural optimization difficulty.Similarly,the inductance value of the microstrip inductor can be adjusted by varying the device length and width.To demonstrate the validity of the proposed design method for this BPF,a prototype operating at 4.52 GHz is simulat⁃ed,manufactured,and measured based on PCB technology,and the overall filter structure is optimized using Ansys HFSS software.The substrate used is the Rogers RO4350B,which has a relative dielectric constant of 3.66,a loss tangent of 0.0037,and a thickness of 1.524 mm.Test results show that the 3 dB fractional bandwidth is 38.9%,with a minimum inser⁃tion loss of 1.68 dB at the center frequency of 4.52 GHz,a return loss of better than 21.45 dB,a harmonic suppression level greater than 19.6 dB within the range from 7.7 GHz to 9.4 GHz,and a group delay that varies between 0.56 ns and 1.2 ns within the passband.This article presents a single-layer low-cost wideband BPF based on an even-odd mode circuit and analytical equa⁃tions,and describes the design principles of the filter in detail.The filter uses interdigital capacitors and microstrip inductors as lumped elements to achieve miniaturization and low cost.Physical testing further validates the feasibility of the proposed filter,demonstrating its excellent performance,which includes small size,low loss,a wide bandwidth,and good selectivity.The filter is suitable for single-layer PCB processing and can be integrated easily with wireless communication systems.
作者 张薇 吴永乐 王卫民 郝丽薇 杨雨豪 ZHANG Wei;WU Yong-le;WANG Wei-min;HAO Li-wei;YANG Yu-hao(School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)
出处 《电子学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期1413-1420,共8页 Acta Electronica Sinica
基金 国家自然科学基金(No.U20A20203,No.U21A20510,No.61971052) 北京邮电大学中央高校基本科研业务费行动计划(No.2021XD-A07-2) 广东省重点领域研发计划(No.2020B0101080001)。
关键词 带通滤波器 LC谐振器 传输零点 交指电容 微带电感 bandpass filter LC resonator transmission zero interdigital capacitor microstrip inductor
作者简介 张薇,女,1999年生,安徽马鞍山人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院电子信息专业硕士研究生.主要研究方向为微波无源器件,基于PCB工艺和IPD工艺的滤波器设计.E-mail:zw2914488371@163.com;通讯作者:吴永乐,男,1983年生,湖南岳阳人.北京邮电大学集成电路学院教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为微波基础理论、微波电路、多维复合天线与射频芯片等.中国电子学会会员编号:E190013076S.E-mail:ywu@bupt.edu.cn;王卫民,女,1977年出生,山东临沂人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院副教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为微波电路、电磁场基础理论与天线测试.E-mail:wangwm@bupt.edu.cn;郝丽薇,女,1998年出生,吉林白山人.北京邮电大学集成电路学院电子科学与技术专业硕士研究生.主要研究方向为微波无源器件、基于LTCC工艺和PCB工艺的滤波器与双工器的设计.E-mail:hlw1006@bupt.edu.cn;杨雨豪,男,1996年出生,四川乐山人.北京邮电大学集成电路学院电子科学与技术专业博士生.主要研究方向为微波无源器件、集成无源器件(IPD)技术.E-mail:yangyuhao1996@gmail.com。
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