摘要
该文利用地面降水资料、气象灾情上报资料,结合前期暴雨、强对流及低温雨雪冰冻研究成果,开展3类气象灾害特征及影响分析。结果表明,5月中下旬—7月上旬受西南涡东移、高空低槽、中低层切变,副高边缘等系统影响,暴雨大暴雨过程频繁,为湖南雨水集中期,湖南区域性特强暴雨过程主要发生在6月下旬—8月中旬;强对流天气主要发生在春夏季,受西南涡、地面倒槽及台风登陆台前飚线等影响,4月雷雨大风最多,3月冰雹多发,短时强降水多发生在6—8月,降水强度强,影响范围广;低温雨雪冰冻天气主要发生在12—2月,中高纬为乌拉尔山阻塞高压,地面有强冷空气影响背景下,当南支槽东移,西南气流旺盛,并满足一定的温度层结条件,有暴雪冰冻发生;人员伤亡主要由暴雨引发的洪涝和地质灾害造成,其次是强对流天气造成,经济损失主要与发生灾害的次数和影响时间、范围有关。
Based on the surface precipitation data and meteorological disaster reporting data,combined with the previous research results of rainstorm,severe convection and freezing rain and snowstorm,this paper carried out the characteristics and impact analysis of three types of meteorological disasters.results show that,in late May to first 10 days of July,affected by the southwest vortex moving eastward,high-altitude low trough,middle and low-level shear,subtropical high edge and other systems,heavy rainstorm process is frequent,which is the period of rainwater concentration in Hunan.The regional heavy rainstorm process in Hunan mainly occurs in late June to middle August.Strong convective weather mainly occurs in spring and summer.Affected by the southwest vortex,the ground inverted trough and the typhoon landing platform front line,the thunderstorm gale is the most in April,and the hail is the most in March.The short-term heavy precipitation mostly occurs from June to August,with strong precipitation intensity and wide influence range.Freezing rain and snowstorm mainly occurs in December to February.The middle and high latitudes are the Ural Mountains blocking high.Under the influence of strong cold air on the ground,when the south branch trough moves eastward,the southwest airflow is strong,and meets certain temperature stratification conditions,there is blizzard freezing.Casualties are mainly caused by floods and geological disasters caused by rainstorms,followed by severe convective weather,and economic losses are mainly related to the number of disasters and the time and scope of impact.
出处
《科技创新与应用》
2023年第23期116-119,123,共5页
Technology Innovation and Application
基金
湖南省气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022-FZZX24)
湖南省气象局预报员专项(XQKJ21C010)。
关键词
气象灾害
特征分析
影响分析
高空低槽
强对流天气
meteorological disaster
characteristic analysis
impact analysis
high altitude trough
severe convective weather
作者简介
第一作者:姚倩(1969-),男,工程师。研究方向为气象服务;通信作者:赵恩榕(1992-),女,硕士,工程师。研究方向为决策气象服务与环境气象预报。
