摘要
手写字表是《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》区别于以往字纲的特色内容,凸显了汉字二语教学的“书写”环节。选取字表收录全部1200个手写汉字为研究对象,以其部件、部首作为研究视角,探索汉字教学伴随汉语教学始终的应用研究路径。研究认为:首先要夯实书写环节。突出基础部件、形近部件组字练习,重点培养二语学习者方块字形二维空间架构意识,突破方块字形体迥异于字母文字的字形难点,梯度对接偏旁部首教学。其次要强化认读环节。层级推进偏旁部首知识,凸显汉字形音义结合优势,汉字、语素、词汇教学同步提升,体现汉字、汉语一体化教学特点。最后要聚焦文化拓展环节。通过字族识字、用字文化等专题形式,围绕汉字形体特点、表意特点、文化特点,领悟汉字、汉语文化内涵,达到语言文化有机融合的实践应用效果。
The table of handwritten Chinese characters is a characteristic content of the Chinese Language Proficiency Standards for International Chinese Language Education that is different from the previous Chinese-character criteria,highlighting the“writing”part of the teaching of Chinese characters as a second language.Adopting all the 1,200 Chinese characters in the table as the research object and their components and radicals as the research perspective,this article explores the approaches to the application of Chinese-character teaching as a part of Chinese language teaching.First of all,it is necessary to enhance the writing process,highlight the practice of writing the basic components and similar components of Chinese characters,focusing on cultivating the L2 learners’awareness of the two-dimensional spatial structure of square glyphs,and breaking through the difficulty in writing square glyphs that are very different from alphabetic characters with a proper and differentiated teaching of the components and radicals of Chinese characters.Secondly,it is necessary to strengthen the reading comprehension and the recognition of Chinese characters,impart the knowledge of the components and radicals of Chinese characters step by step,and highlight the advantageous features of the combination of the form,sound and meaning of Chinese characters.The teaching of Chinese characters,morphemes or vocabulary should be improved simultaneously,reflecting the integrated characteristics of Chinese-character teaching and Chinese language teaching.Finally,it is also necessary to focus on cultural extension.Focusing on the morphological characteristics,ideographic characteristics and cultural characteristics of Chinese characters and holding seminars on the recognition of Chinese characters through word families or on the Chinese-character culture will help reveal the cultural implications of the Chinese language and Chinese characters,and realize the application efficiency for integrating the Chinese language and Chinese culture.
作者
李华
郭昱希
LI Hua;GUO Yuxi(College of International Cultural Exchanges,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》
2023年第4期62-71,共10页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)
基金
2021年国际中文教育研究课题重点项目“基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的汉字教学部件应用体系构建研究”(21YB11B)。
关键词
国际中文教育
手写字表
部件教学
偏旁部首教学
文化教学
international Chinese language education
table of handwritten Chinese characters
teaching of the components of Chinese characters
teaching of the radicals of Chinese characters
culture teaching
作者简介
李华,女,甘肃天水人,西北师范大学教授,博士生导师,研究方向为训诂学。
