摘要
我国贿赂犯罪惩治策略经历了从“行贿受贿并合式处罚”到“重受贿轻行贿”,再逐步到“行贿受贿并重处罚”的历史演进。“受贿行贿一起查”刑事政策催生了“行贿受贿并重处罚”惩治模式,该立场的正当性根据及其能否有效提升贿赂犯罪防控效果仍有待理论检视。“行贿受贿并重处罚”立场面临着法治逻辑悖论:行贿方的“行贿行为”与受贿方的为他人“谋利行为”不具有刑法上的因果关系,传统“没有行贿就没有受贿”观点应解读为没有行贿就没有受贿罪的“受财行为”;贿赂犯罪行为结构的对向性难以证立其刑罚配置的对称性;“行贿受贿并重处罚”并非生成囚徒困境的最佳路径。贿赂犯罪之行为构造类似于教唆犯与实行犯的关系,受贿罪法定刑应重于行贿罪。“受贿行贿一起查”应立足于“重受贿轻行贿”模式,坚守行贿受贿非对称罪状结构,修正行贿受贿法定刑结构倒挂现象,通过部分放弃刑罚权实现贿赂犯罪预防,并加强纪法协同以严密交易型腐败犯罪惩处体系。
The punishment strategy of bribery crime in China has experienced a historical evolution from"combined punishment of offering and accepting bribes"to"attaching more importance to accepting bribes than offering bribes",and then gradually to"paying equal attention to the punishment of both offering and accepting bribes".The criminal policy of"joint investigation of bribery"has given birth to the punishment strategy of"giving and taking bribes with equal punishment".Whether this stance can effectively improve the prevention and control effect of bribery crime and its legitimacy remains to be examined theoretically.The position of"offering and accepting bribes together with severe punishment"faces the logic paradox of the rule of law:there is no causal relationship between the briber's"bribery behavior"and the briber's"profit-making behavior"for others in criminal law.The traditional view of"no accepting bribery without offering bribery"should be interpreted as"receiving money behavior"without offering bribes.It is difficult to prove the symmetry of criminal punishment allocation because of the antitropism of bribery behavior structure."Paying equal attention to the punishment of both offering and accepting bribes"is not the best way to generate the prisoner's dilemma.The structure of bribery crime is similar to the relationship between abettor and perpetrator.The legal punishment of accepting bribes crime should be heavier than that of offering bribes crime.The criminal policy of"joint investigation of bribery"should be based on the mode of"heavy accepting bribery and light offering bribery",adhere to the asymmetric structure of offering bribes and accepting bribes,correct the upside down phenomenon of the statutory punishment structure of accepting bribes and offering bribes,realize the prevention of bribery crime by partially giving up the right of punishment,and strengthen the punishment system of strict trading corruption crime based on the coordination of discipline and law.
作者
陈俊秀
郑慧
Chen Jun-xiu;Zheng Hui(School of Law,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)
出处
《政法学刊》
2023年第3期73-83,共11页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“刑法的立体分析与关系刑法学研究”(19AFX007)。
关键词
贿赂犯罪
刑事策略
模式选择
立法形塑
Bribery Crime
Criminal Strategy
Mode Choice
Legislative Shaping
作者简介
陈俊秀(1991-),男,福建福州人,福州大学法学院副教授,法学博士,硕士生导师,中国社会科学院法学研究所暨贵州省社会科学院联合培养博士后;郑慧(1998-),女,福建连江人,福州大学法学院刑法学硕士研究生,从事中国刑法学研究。
