摘要
本研究将物质流分析方法(SFA)应用于某红土镍矿高压酸浸工艺。结果表明,虽然高压酸浸工艺已成为处理低品位红土镍矿的主流工艺,但大量固体废物的排放对环境造成极大危害,制约其规模化发展。该高压酸浸工艺年处理红土镍矿能力为321万t,每年将排放300万t高压浸出渣、10万t硫酸盐渣、1.6万t铁铝渣、0.08万t酸浸渣。用镍、钴、锰作为前驱体制备原料,最终流入前驱体制备工艺的物质分别为2.70万t/年、0.24万t/年、0.29万t/年,占比分别为77.14%、75.00%、13.12%。最终流入提钪工艺的超高附加值钪为40.00 t/年,占比为37.70%。高压酸浸工艺可选择性去除98.11%的铁和99.86%的铝。本研究结论对红土镍矿高压酸浸工艺的排放控制和资源循环利用提供了改进建议。
Substance flow analysis(SFA),an analytical tool,was applied to a high-pressure acid leaching(HPAL)process of laterites.The results show that although the HPAL process has become the mainstream process for the treatment of laterites,a large amount of solid waste discharge has caused great harm to the environment and restricted its large-scale development.The annual treatment capacity of laterites by HPAL process is 321×10^(4) t,and 300×10^(4) t of highpressure leaching residue,10×10^(4) t of sulfate residue,1.6×10^(4) t of iron and aluminum residue,and 0.08×10^(4) t of acid leaching residue are discharged every year.Nickel,cobalt,and manganese are used as the raw materials for the preparation of a precursor,and the masses finally flowing into the precursor preparation process are 2.70×10^(4) t/a,0.24×10^(4) t/a,and 0.29×10^(4) t/a,respectively,and the proportions are 77.14%,75.00%,and 13.12%,respectively.Scandium finally flows into the scandium extraction process is 40.00 t/a,and the proportion is 37.70%.A total of 98.11%of iron and 99.86%of aluminum can be selectively removed by the high-pressure acid leaching.Some recommendations for improving emission control and resource recycling for the high-pressure acid leaching process of laterites are put forward in the conclusions of this study.
作者
田庆华
董波
郭学益
王青骜
许志鹏
李栋
TIAN Qing-hua;DONG Bo;GUO Xue-yi;WANG Qing-ao;XU Zhi-peng;LI Dong(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;National&Regional Joint Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metal Resource Recycling,Changsha 410083,China)
基金
Project (2019YFC1907402) supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
Projects (51922108,52074363) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Project (2019JJ20031) supported by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation,China
Project (2019SK2061) supported by the Hunan Key Research and Development Program,China。
关键词
物质流分析方法(SFA)
红土镍矿
高压酸浸工艺
排放控制
资源回收
substance flow analysis(SFA)
laterite nickel ores
high-pressure acid leaching(HPAL)process
emission control
resource recycling
作者简介
Corresponding author:GUO Xue-yi,PhD,Professor,E-mail:xyguo@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0660-3024;Corresponding author:XU Zhi-peng,PhD,Associate Professor,E-mail:zhipeng.xu@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-9158。
