摘要
为明确黄淮海夏大豆北种南引至华南地区的适应性,也为育成适合在华南地区的黄淮海夏大豆品种奠定基础,以黄淮海地区北部、中部和南部育成的28个代表性夏大豆品种为材料,采用春播和夏播的方式,调查黄淮海夏大豆品种在广西南宁种植的生育期、农艺性状以及产量。结果表明,黄淮海夏大豆品种在南宁种植时,开花早于华南地区春大豆,但不同来源品种间生育期无显著差异。与华南地区对照品种相比,黄淮海夏大豆品种的株高和底荚高度偏矮,主茎节数和有效分枝数少,节间短,抗倒能力强;单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重低,百粒重较大;籽粒的蛋白质含量无显著差异,脂肪含量显著高于对照品种,但最终产量偏低。不同播期类型相比,品种夏播生育期较春播显著缩短,且提前开花;株高、主茎节数、产量构成因素以及产量均降低,但黄淮海夏大豆品种较华南地区春大豆下降幅度更大;同时籽粒的蛋白质含量降低。黄淮海不同区域夏大豆品种在南宁种植的产量结果表明,从北至南呈增加趋势,且南部品种在春播时与对照品种差异不显著。因此认为,黄淮海夏大豆可在华南地区春播;培育品种宜重点选育光温反应钝感、营养生长期长的品种,同时要增强耐高温耐高湿特性,提高品种的适应能力。
In order to clarify the adaptability of northern cultivars of Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean intro-duced to Nanning,Guangxi Province,and provide a basis for breeding Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean cultivars for South China,28 representative summer soybean cultivars in northern,central and southern of Huang-Huai-Hai region were used as materials.Growth stage characterisitcs,agronomic traits and yield were discussed when Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean planted in Nanning in spring and summer.Results indicated that the flowering of sum-mer soybeans occured earlier than spring soybean in South China when planted in Nanning,without significant dif-ference in growth stage.Compared with spring soybean from South China,plant height,lowest pod height and inter-node length were shorter,main stem nodes and branches were less,lodging resistance was stronger,and pods,seeds and seed weight per plant were lower,100-seed weight was larger,and the final yield was lower when Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean planted in Nanning.In seed quality,there was no significant difference in protein content,but the oil content of Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean was significantly higher than control.Compared with spring sowing type,growth stage was significantly shorter,and flowering was earlier when cultivars sowed in summer sea-son in Nanning,while plant height,main stem nodes,yield factors and yield decreased,but the decline of Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean was greater than that of spring soybean of South China.Meanwhile,the seed protein con-tent decreased under summer sowing.Among different cultivars of Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean in various re-gions,the yield increased from north to south when planted in Nanning,and there was no significant difference be-tween the southern Huang-Huai-Hai and the control cultivars in spring sowing.Therefore,Huang-Huai-Hai sum-mer soybean could be sown in spring in South China.Bred lines should be insensitive to light and temperature,and have longer vegetative growth stage.Meanwhile,it is necessary to enhance resistance to high temperature and high humidity for better adaptability.
作者
李晟涵
韦清源
汤复跃
陈文杰
周勋波
陈渊
郭小红
梁江
LI Sheng-han;WEI Qing-yuan;TANG Fu-yue;CHEN Wen-jie;ZHOU Xun-bo;CHEN Yuan;GUO Xiao-hong;LIANG Jiang(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期491-500,共10页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-CES30)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2019M24)
广西自然科学基金(2019GXNSFBA185007)。
关键词
夏大豆
黄淮海
引种
生育期
农艺性状
summer soybean
Huang-Huai-Hai region
introduce
growth stage
agronomic trait
作者简介
李晟涵(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事大豆栽培生理研究,E-mail:1119874571@qq.com;通讯作者:郭小红(1985-),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培生理研究,E-mail:kabakebang@126.com;通讯作者:梁江(1971-),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事大豆育种和栽培研究,E-mail:liangjiang0626@163.com。
