摘要
为探讨播期对鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响及其与气象因子的关系,采用2因素裂区试验,以‘万糯2000’‘农科糯336’‘彩甜糯6号’3个品种为材料,设置6个播期(B1~B6)处理,研究不同播期下鲜食糯玉米的籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明,随着播期推迟,鲜食玉米生育期缩短,籽粒重、活跃灌浆期和灌浆终期呈先增后降的趋势,以B4播期值(17.32 g·100粒^(−1)、21.84和34.94 d)最大。籽粒干物质积累量与最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率粒重呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与灌浆活跃期、灌浆持续时间呈显著相关(P<0.05)。平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率粒重和籽粒干物质积累量受灌浆期内各主要气象因子影响显著,影响程度依次为日平均温度>日照时数>有效积温>降雨量,且均随籽粒灌浆期内日平均温度、日照时数和有效积温的升高而增加,当灌浆期降雨量在小于160 mm时呈正相关,大于160 mm时呈负相关。随播期的适当推迟,籽粒灌浆期有较长的灌浆活跃期及灌浆持续时间,较快的平均灌浆速率,较高的日平均温度和积温,适宜的降雨量。因此,黔中地区鲜食糯玉米在4月9—19日之间播种,更有利于籽粒灌浆和干物质积累,提高产量。研究结果可为贵州中部地区确定鲜食糯玉米适宜播期、高产高效栽培提供重要参考。
To investigate the effect of sowing date on the grain-filling characteristics of fresh waxy maize and its relationship with meteorological factors,a 2-factor split-zone experiment were set to study the grain-filling properties of fresh maize under different sowing periods,using three varieties namely‘Wannuo 2000’‘Nongkenuo 336’‘Caitiannuo 6’as the material and setting six sowing periods(B1~B6).The results showed that with the delay of sowing,the fertility period of fresh waxy maize shortened,and the seed weight,active grain filling period,and filling eventually period showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,with maximum values at sowing B4(17.32 g 100-grain−1,21.84 and 34.94 d).Grain dry matter accumulation was highly significantly correlated(P<0.01)with maximum filling rate,average filling rate,grain weight at maximum filling rate,and significantly with the active grain filling period,duration of filling(P<0.05).The average filling rate,grain weight at maximum filling rate,and grain dry matter accumulation were significantly influenced by the main meteorological factors during the filling period,in the following order average daily temperature>sunshine hours>effective cumulative temperature>rainfall,and they all increased with the increase of average daily temperature,sunshine hours and effective cumulative temperature during the filling period,and were positively correlated when the rainfall during the filling period was less than 160 mm and negatively correlated when it was more than 160 mm.With the appropriate delay in sowing,there was a longer active grain filling period and duration of filling,faster average filling rate,higher average daily temperature,cumulative temperature,and suitable rainfall during the grain filling period.Therefore,sowing fresh maize from 9 April to 19 April in central Guizhou was more conducive to grain filling and dry matter accumulation for higher yields.The results could be used as an important reference for determining the suitable sowing date of fresh waxy maize in the central region of Guizhou for high-yield and efficient cultivation.
作者
韦海龙
程乙
宋碧
邹军
左晋
李蕾
张军
刘代铃
曾涛
付敬锋
魏盛
WEI Hailong;CHENG Yi;SONG Bi;ZOU Jun;ZUO Jin;LI Lei;ZHANG Jun;LIU Dailing;ZENG Tao;FU Jingfeng;WEI Sheng(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,China;Institute of Mountain Environment and Climatology of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550002,China)
出处
《中国农业科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期45-55,共11页
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合成果〔2021〕一般002)
公益性行业(农业)科研项目(201503127)
贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队(黔科合平台人才项目〔2019〕5613号)
贵州省高层次创新型人才“百”层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5632号)
贵州大学博士基金项目(贵大人基合字〔2020〕58号)。
关键词
播期
鲜食玉米
灌浆特性
气象因素
sowing date
fresh maize
filling characteristics
meteorological factors
作者简介
联系方式:韦海龙,联系方式:E-mail:1970958602@qq.com;通信作者:宋碧,E-mail:sb6264@126.com;通信作者:邹军,E-mail:33650732@qq.com。
