摘要
水资源时空分布不均的现象普遍存在,修建水库是调节水资源最有效的手段之一,在中国,已建成的各类水库达九万多座。科学和智慧地调度以最大化水库群的工程效益和水安全保障能力,亟需全面的、准确的、地理信息化的水库和大坝数据集作为支撑,提供包括水库和大坝的位置以及水库边界、大坝高度、库容、用途等属性信息。近年来,多个水库和大坝数据集相继发表,极大地推动了水库和大坝相关的大尺度研究,但各个数据集在数据量和属性内容上存在明显的差异,亟待开展数据集的对比差异与应用需求分析。介绍了目前公开发表的水库和大坝数据集,总结了水库和大坝信息的多种数据来源和数据集的生产过程,比较了各数据集在大坝的位置和分类、水库的边界上的差异,重点比较了各数据集在中国的统计差异和空间分布特征,并探究了数据集中存在的数据时效性、水库与湖泊的重复定义、水库面积大小差异等问题。梳理了基于此类数据的热点研究问题:水库防洪、发电、灌溉效益评估,水库和大坝的水文效应、碳效应、截留效应研究,以及对河流生境破碎化的评估等。最后展望了水库和大坝数据集的生产和应用发展趋势。研究发现数据集中大型水库数量多、属性全面,小型水库数量少、属性不足,且不同数据集之间存在诸多的差异,未来需要进一步完善水库和大坝的数据记录,协调各数据集的差异以实现对水库和大坝的完全模拟。
Uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is widely existed.Building reservoirs is one of the most effective means to regulate water resources.In China,more than 90000 reservoirs of various kinds have been built.In order to maximizing the engineering benefits and water security capability of reservoirs,comprehensive,accurate and georeferenced attribute datasets of reservoirs and dams at national and global scales are urgently needed including location,boundary,height,storage capacity and function.During the past decade,several reservoir and dam data sets have been published and significantly advanced the large-scale researches on the environmental impacts of reservoirs and dams.However,there are significant discrepancies in the numbers and values of attributes amongst data sets.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out comparative assessment and to identify the future direction of these data sets.In this study,main contents of the present publicly available reservoir and dam data sets were introduced,data sources of reservoir and dam information and the production procedures were summarized,and basic georeferenced attributes were compared amongst different data sets including location,classification,boundary,etc.More importantly,the spatial distribution characteristics and statistical differences of each data set in China are compared comprehensively.Problems such as timeliness of data set,repeated definition of reservoir and lake,and difference of reservoir area are also explored.Moreover,urgent and important research issues related to such data are reviewed,such as flood control,power generation and irrigation benefit of reservoirs,hydrological,carbon and interception effects of reservoirs and dams,and river habitat fragmentation,etc.Finally,the future production and application of dam and reservoir data sets are discussed.It is found that present data sets contain more large reservoirs and less mall reservoirs,and large reservoirs have comprehensive attributes,while small reservoirs have insufficient attributes.There are also many other differences between different data sets.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the data records of reservoirs and dams and coordinate the differences of data sets to achieve complete simulation of reservoirs and dams.
作者
常利伟
程磊
陈进
韩东阳
张橹
刘攀
常剑波
CHANG Li-wei;CHENG Lei;CHEN Jin;HAN Dong-yang;ZHANG Lu;LIU Pan;CHANG Jian-bo(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Managemet(Wuhan University),Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2023年第6期1-11,20,共12页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
科技部重点研发计划长江黄河等重点流域水资源与水环境综合治理专项(2022YFC3202804)
国家自然科学基金项目(41890822)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFA094)。
关键词
水库
大坝
数据集
大坝坐标
水库边界
河流
reservoir
dam
data set
dam location
reservoir boundary
river
作者简介
常利伟(1998-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为遥感水文和水文模型。E-mail:liweichang@whu.edu.cn;通讯作者:程磊(1982-),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究流域水文循环与生态水文过程。Email:lei.cheng@whu.edu.cn。
