摘要
【目的】探究青藏高原青海湟源地区蕨麻访花昆虫种类组成及其访花行为。【方法】采用循环路线法和定点观察法相结合,于2022年7月15日至8月13日在青海省湟源县日月乡蕨麻种植基地,以青海蕨麻2号品种和青海蕨麻4号品系为对象,调查蕨麻访花昆虫组成及访花行为。【结果】采集蕨麻访花昆虫1212只,经鉴定隶属3目7科14种,以膜翅目(34.65%)和双翅目(52.64%)为主,其中蜜蜂科黑颚条蜂(Anthophora melanognatha)、食蚜蝇科宽跗食蚜蝇属(Platycheirus)、刺腿食蚜蝇(Ischiodon scutellaris Fabricius)及丽蝇科的新陆原伏蝇(Protophormia terraenovae)数量最多,分别为210只(17.33%)、189只(15.59%)、147只(12.13%)和120只(9.9%),是蕨麻的主要访花昆虫;日活动规律,黑颚条蜂和宽跗食蚜蝇在11∶00~12∶00、12∶00~13∶00以及13∶00~14∶00这3个时段出现数量最多,分别有134只(63.81%)和91只(48.15%);刺腿食蚜蝇和新陆原伏蝇在11∶00~12∶00和12∶00~13∶00时段最多,分别有57只(38.78%)和43只(35.83%),且这4个种类的访花频率不同,其中宽跗食蚜蝇最高(9.30±0.55)朵/min,新陆原伏蝇次之(7.10±0.43)朵/min,刺腿食蚜蝇随后(6.20±0.36 b),黑颚条蜂最低(2.70±0.27)朵/min,另外,不同品种的蕨麻其访花昆虫种类也不完全相同。【结论】在高海拔地区,双翅目昆虫比膜翅目昆虫更适宜做访花昆虫。
【Objective】The study aimed to explore the composition and behaviors of flower-visiting insects of Potentilla anserina.【Method】From 15 July to 13 August 2022,the Qinghai Juema No.2 variety and Qinghai Juema No.4 trains were employed,and their floral visitors were observed by the ways of circular-route and fixed-point observation in Juema cultivation station of Riyue Town,Huangyuan County,Qinghai province.【Result】The total 1212 floral visitor insects were sampled,which belonged to 3 orders,7 families and 14 species.Among them,the insects of Hymenoptera and Diptera dominated and accounted for 34.65%and 52.64%of the total number,respectively.The insects of Anthophora melanognatha in Apidae,Platycheirus and Ischiodon scutellaris in Syrphidae and Protophormia terraenovae in Calliphoridae were the greatest in the number,which were 210(17.33%),189(15.59%),147(12.13%),and 120(9.9%),respectively,and they were the dominant visitors of Juema plants.Diurnal activity rhythm,the peak of visiting frequencies of A.melanognatha and Platycheirus are at 11∶00~12∶00,12∶00~13∶00 and 13∶00~14∶00,and the number of both species were 134(63.81%)and 91(48.15%)respectively.The peak of visiting of I.scutellaris and P.terraenovae were at 11∶00~12∶00 and 12∶00~13∶00,the number of which were 57(38.78%)and 43(35.83%),respectively.The four types of visitor insects were different in visiting efficiency,which of Platycheirus was the highest,and the average number of flowers visited was(9.30±0.55)per min,followed by(7.10±0.43)of P.terraenovae(6.20±0.36)of I.scutellaris,and(2.70±0.27)of A.melanognatha.Different Juema varieties were also different in species of visiting insects.【Conclusion】At high altitude,the insects of diptera are more suitable as floral visitors of P.anserine than hymenoptera.
作者
田甜
李军乔
吕博文
TIAN Tian;LI Junqiao;LYU Bowen(College of Ecology and Environment Qinghai Nationality University,Xining 810007,China;Tibetan Plateau Juema Industry Research Institute,Xining 810007,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2023年第2期58-67,共10页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室2022-ZJ-Y01
青海民族大学2022年校级规划项目(2022XJX14)。
关键词
蕨麻
访花昆虫
访花行为
活动节律
青藏高原
Potentilla anserina L
flower-visiting insect
visiting behaviour
daily activity rhythm
Tibet Plateau
作者简介
第一作者:田甜,硕士研究生。E-mail:1138115730@qq.com;通信作者:李军乔,教授,博士,博士生导师,从事作物栽培与育种。E-mail:ljqlily2002@126.com。
