摘要
水冰作为月球的重要资源,是未来月球科研站以及月球基地建设和运行的基本保障,开展月球水冰资源综合开发技术研究是目前各航天大国的关注热点之一。本文调研了有关月球水冰的探测和研究成果,阐述了月球水冰的赋存状态与分布特征,详细分析了月球水冰资源在开采提取、分离纯化、储存运输和分解利用等环节的技术方案,并简要评述了各个方案的优缺点。结合中国未来国际月球科研站的建设规划与美国以建立月球基地为目标的阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)计划,评价分析了适宜开展月球水冰资源综合开发的地区和可行的技术方案,为中国在月球两极地区的水冰资源开发利用方案提供参考。
As an important resource on the moon,water ice is the basis for the construction and operation of the international lunar research station and lunar base in the future.The research on the comprehensive exploitation of the water ice resource in the lunar polar regions has also attracted the attention of the space powers in the world.The occurrence and distribution of lunar water ice are elaborately described based on a thorough survey of the exploration and research achievements of water ice in the lunar polar regions at home and abroad.The technical schemes of lunar water ice in excavation,extraction,separation and purification,transportation and storage,decomposition and utilization are introduced in detail,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme are briefly reviewed.The excavation and extraction steps can be classified into two categories based on the distinct extraction sites of lunar water ice:in-situ extraction and remote extraction.According to the different heating methods,the techniques of direct heating by sunlight,drilling heating,and microwave heating are introduced.In the separation and purification steps,three technologies are introduced:low-temperature distillation and cold trap,adsorption purification,and membrane purification technology.For the steps of transporting and storing,the water tanks are classified based on their position,and the requirements for materials are given.In the decomposition and utilization steps of the water ice resource,three kinds of electrode composition technology are introduced,including alkaline electrolysis,proton exchange membrane electrolysis,solid oxide electrolysis technology,and a photocatalytic decomposition technology using TiO2 as the catalyst is also presented.Combining the construction plans of the future international lunar research station in China and the Artemis program of the United States,which aims to establish a lunar base,the appropriate areas,and technical schemes for the comprehensive exploitation of the lunar water ice resource,is evaluated to provide important references for the exploitation and utilization of water ice in the lunar polar regions.
作者
张天
唐红
贺怀宇
李雄耀
周传娇
刘建忠
ZHANG Tian;TANG Hong;HE Huaiyu;LI Xiongyao;ZHOU Chuanjiao;LIU Jianzhong(Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academic of Sciences,Guiyang 550081;Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology,Chinese Academic of Sciences,Hefei 230026;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100049)
出处
《空间科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期273-290,共18页
Chinese Journal of Space Science
基金
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018435)
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(QYZDY-SSW-DQC028)
2019年贵州省补助资金项目(GZ2019SIG)共同资助。
关键词
月球科研站
月球极区
月球水冰
综合开发
Lunar research station
Lunar polar regions
Lunar water ice
Comprehensive exploitation
作者简介
张天:E-mail:zhangtian@mail.gyig.ac.cn;通讯作者:唐红,E-mail:tanghong@vip.gyig.ac.cn。
