摘要
以“华油杂62”为供试作物,稻壳生物炭为供试调理剂材料,设计4个不同油菜种植密度与2个生物炭施用水平相结合的8个处理,即T1(0%生物炭与油菜45万株·hm^(-2)密度种植结合,简写0%C+45万,下同)、T2 (1%C+45万)、T3(0%C+90万)、T4(1%C+90万)、T5(0%C+135万)、T6(1%C+135万)、T7(0%C+180万)、T8(1%C+180万)处理,研究了生物炭施用与油菜不同密度种植结合对油菜生长与土壤性状影响,以期为后期绿肥油菜的高效翻压与新建温室土壤培肥提供参考依据。结果表明:未施生物炭时T3处理和施生物炭时T4处理干物质量最大,分别为2 696.98 kg·hm^(-2)和3 474.37 kg·hm^(-2);土壤物理性状团粒结构T8处理R0.25值最大,其它物理指标变化不大;化学性状中未施生物炭时T5处理的硝态氮和有效磷最大分别为279.67 mg·kg^(-1)和52.33 mg·kg^(-1),T5处理土壤pH最小。施生物炭后T4处理土壤有机质、硝态氮和阳离子交换量最大分别为19.64 g·kg^(-1)、227.30 mg·kg^(-1)和18.92 cmol(+)·kg^(-1),均显著高于基础样139.80%、506.78%和35.63%;生物学性状中未施生物炭时,T5处理土壤脲酶活性最大,施生物炭后脲酶活性在T4处理最大为0.748 mg·g-1·(24h)-1,较基础值显著增加了25.29%。因此,T4处理(1%生物炭与油菜90万株·hm^(-2)密度种植结合)对油菜的生长和土壤性状改善最好,其次是T5处理(0%生物炭与油菜135万株·hm^(-2)密度种植结合)。
Taking‘Huayouza 62’as the test crop and rice hull biochar as the test conditioner material,eight treatments with four different rape planting densities combined with two biochar application levels were designed,namely T1(0%C+450000),T2(1%C+450000),T3(0%C+900000),T4(1%C+900000),T5(0%C+1350000),T6(1%C+1350000),T7(0%C+1800000),T8(1%C+1800000).The effects of biochar application combined with rape planting at different densities on rape growth and soil properties were studied,in order to provide reference for the efficient turning over of green manure rape and soil fertility in the new greenhouse.The results showed that the dry matter mass of T3treatment without biochar and T4treatment with biochar was the largest,which were 2696.98kg·hm^(-2) and 3474.37kg·hm^(-2) respectively.Soil physical properties,the R0.25value of T8 treatment was the largest,and other physical indicators changed little;among the chemical properties,the maximum nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in T5treatment without biochar were 279.67mg·kg^(-1) and 52.33mg·kg^(-1) respectively,and the soil pH in T5treatment was the lowest.After biochar application,the maximum soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen and cation exchange capacity of T4 treatment were 19.64g·kg^(-1),227.30mg·kg^(-1) and 18.92cmol(+)·kg^(-1) respectively,which were significantly higher than the basic sample by 139.80%,506.78%and 35.63%.In biological characters,when there was no biochar application,the soil urease activity in T5treatment was the largest,and the urease activity after biochar application was the largest in T4treatment,which was 0.748mg·g-1·(24h)-1,which was significantly increased by 25.29%compared with the basic value.Therefore,T4treatment(1%biochar combined with 900000rape plants·hm^(-2) density planting)improved the growth and soil properties of rape best,followed by T5treatment(0%biochar combined with 1.35million rape plants·hm^(-2) density planting).
作者
王威
卢树昌
李夏雯
张迎珂
夏渝静
WANG Wei;LU Shuchang;LI Xiawen;ZHANG Yingke;XIA Yujing(College of Agronomy and Resources Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392)
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第8期70-77,共8页
Northern Horticulture
基金
2021年度天津农学院研究生科研创新资助项目(2021XY005)
天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点资助项目(19YFZCSN00290)。
关键词
生物炭
油菜
种植密度
新建温室
土壤性状
biochar
rape
planting density
new greenhouses
soil properties
作者简介
第一作者:王威(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田土壤与作物生长环境关系。E-mail:wangwei2020yan@163.com;责任作者:卢树昌(1970-),男,博士,教授,现主要从事农田土壤质量与植物营养的教学与科研等工作。E-mail:lsc9707@163.com.
