摘要
国内通常认为《保护水下文化遗产保护公约》提倡的原址保护是水下文化遗产保护管理的当然选择,这反映了从业者近年来对瓦萨号、中山舰等打捞异地展陈所出现问题的反思。但对原址保护的教条性认识也同样值得反思,原址保护和提取打捞均为《保护水下文化遗产保护公约》认可,在讨论是否进行原址保护之外,更应思考如何进行原址保护或异地保护以及后续的展示和公众开放。通过探索原址保护理念的来源,梳理《保护水下文化遗产保护公约》原址保护规定的沿革,认为采取原址保护方式并不排斥发掘提取,但均需经政府批准、批准前评估、标准化管理3个阶段,并分析了原址保护与提取打捞沉船的区隔、提取打捞的前提和限制以及常规监测对水下文化遗产保护方式的影响。
As a principle of the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage(UCH),Chinese scholars believe in-situ preservation is a natural choice for the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage,which reflects their thoughts on the issues regarding the salvage and off-situ interpretation of Vasa and Zhongshan warships.Nonetheless,the dogmatic understanding of the in-situ preservation is also worth reflecting.Both in-situ preservation and salvage are recognized by the Convention.In addition to discussing whether to protect underwater cultural heritage in-situ,we should also think about how to protect them in-situ or off-situ,and the follow up display and public accessibility.By combing the evolution of in-situ preservation in the Convention,it is determined that in-situ preservation does not reject excavation or salvage,but should undergo stages of government authorization,analysis before approval and unified governing criteria.The article also analyzed the separation between shipwreck in-situ preservation and extraction of salvage,preconditions and restrictions of salvage,and the influence that routine monitoring of underwater cultural heritage has on preservation approaches.
作者
王晶
WANG Jing(National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《自然与文化遗产研究》
2023年第2期3-9,共7页
Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国海洋遗产研究”(19JZD056)。
关键词
原址保护
沉船打捞
统一标准
遗址监测
保护方式调整
in-situ preservation
shipwreck salvage
unified governing criteria
site monitoring
preservation adjustment
作者简介
王晶(1983—),女,副研究馆员,博士研究生,主要研究方向为文化遗产保护利用、考古政策法规。E-mail:1036249406@qq.com.
