摘要
目的 了解2021年河南省驻马店市某镇健康人群百日咳、白喉和破伤风的抗体水平,为优化免疫接种策略提供参考。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样法抽取健康人群,现场问卷调查,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测健康人群血清百日咳、白喉和破伤风IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率。结果 共调查550人,百日咳、白喉和破伤风血清IgG抗体阳性率分别为54.55%、44.36%和38.36%,男女性别比0.96∶1,百日咳抗体阳性率女性略高于男性(χ^(2)=4.420,P<0.05),破伤风抗体阳性率男性略高于女性(χ^(2)=4.745,P<0.05);白喉(趋势χ^(2)=5.044)和破伤风(趋势χ^(2)=187.071)抗体水平随人群年龄增长而降低(P<0.05),不同年龄组百日咳(χ^(2)=63.257)、白喉(χ^(2)=55.962)和破伤风(χ^(2)=202.922)抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);“百白破”疫苗(DPT)末剂次接种后白喉(趋势χ^(2)=29.912)和破伤风(趋势χ^(2)=46.615)抗体阳性率均随间隔时间延长而降低(P<0.05)。结论 驻马店市某镇健康人群白喉、破伤风疫苗获得性抗体水平随着间隔时间的延长而降低,百日咳成人中存在隐性感染;建议针对15岁以上青少年和成人定期开展加强免疫、加强监测,降低相关疾病传播流行的风险。
Objective To investigate the antibody levels of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus in healthy people in a town of Zhumadian city, Henan province in 2021, so as to provide reference for optimizing immunization strategy. Methods The healthy people were selected with multi-stage stratified random method for field questionnaire survey. The IgG antibodies in serum against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the positive rates of antibody were analyzed. Results A total of 550 healthy people were effectively investigated, the positive rate of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus antibodies was 54.55%, 44.36% and 38.36%, respectively, and the ratio of the male to the female was 0.96∶1. The positive rate of pertussis antibody was slightly higher in the females than that in the males(χ^(2)=4.420, P<0.05), and the positive rate of tetanus antibody was slightly higher in the males than that in the females(χ^(2)=4.745,P<0.05). The antibody levels of diphtheria(trend χ^(2)=5.044), tetanus(trend χ^(2)=187.071) decreased with the age of the population(P<0.05). The positive rates of pertussis(χ^(2)=63.257), diphtheria(χ^(2)=55.962) and tetanus(χ^(2)=202.922) in different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The positive rates of antibodies against diphtheria(trend χ^(2)=29.912) and tetanus(trend χ^(2)=46.615) decreased with the extension of intervals times after the last dose of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus(DPT) vaccine(P<0.05). Conclusions The levels of the acquired antibodies decrease with the extension of interval times after the last dose of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines in healthy people in a town of Zhumadian city. There is inapparent infection of pertussis in adults. It is suggested that the strengthening immunization and surveillance should be regularly carried out and enhanced in adolescents over 15 years old and adults for reducing the risk of transmission and epidemic of related diseases.
作者
李敬
刘莉莉
LI Jing;LIU Li-li(Zhumadian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhumadian,Henan 463000,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2023年第1期55-57,72,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
百日咳
白喉
破伤风
抗体阳性率
Pertussis
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Antibody
positive rate
作者简介
李敬(1984-),女,主管医师,学士,从事免疫规划工作,E-mail:jing608205@163.com。
