摘要
北宋前期,台谏官位在政治体制中的功能嬗变,对台谏官选任制度的形态变化发挥着基础性影响。真宗天禧元年之前,御史台长贰为朝中重要职位,三院御史主要被用来奖励政绩突出的官员,谏官官位则作为文学之士的本官存在。这种差异带来三者在人选要求、授予程序等方面的区别。随着专职谏官、御史在朝堂上的设立,二者作为职位的性质对其选任制度的影响也日趋显著。但同时前期制度遗留的影响仍很大,造成了谏官与御史在择人标准、选任程序上的细微差异。其后,台谏官位的言事职能在政治斗争中的作用受到极大重视,台谏官被赋予了一些更加具体、更有针对性的政治任务,其政治立场、派性一类的因素更为统治者所重视,于是君主与当权派大臣对台谏官选任的控制更加直接,其先的诸多制度被逐渐突破。
In the early Northern Song Dynasty,the changing functions of the Inspectorate Positions played a key role in shaping the institution of selecting inspectors.Before 1017,the chief and deputy of the censorate had already been important positions in court,while other titles in censorate are used to reward officials for their excellent job in governmental positions,and remonstrating titles are for rewarding other officials with literary talents.This distinction brought differences in nominees’credentials and the selection process among them.As full-time inspecting and remonstrating positions were re-established,their characteristics as positions caused many adjustments in institutionalizing the selections of censorates.Later on,the censorate positions were weaponized in the political conflicts in court,so the censorates were assigned with some more specific tasks,which made their standpoint more important to the emperor than any other factors.Therefore,the emperors and the chancellors in power would seek a more direct control over the censorates,and were tempted to revise former protocols to meet their needs.
关键词
监察制度
人事制度
宋代
制度结构
制度变迁
the Inspecting Institution
Human Resource Management
Song Dynasty
the Institutional Construction
the Change of Institution
